1. SANITATION AND STERILIZATION Written by Dallas Duncan HS_CSII_2 2011

2. OSHA REGULATIONS  OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration  Regulates and enforces safety and health standards in the work environment, such as exposure to chemicals and product labeling  OSHA standards are important to cosmetology because salons mix, store and dispose of a variety of chemicals  Cosmetologists must also be aware of what is contained in all salon chemicals in case of client allergies

3. OSHA’S UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS  Set of guidelines and controls that require the employer and employees to assume all bodily fluids are contaminated with some kind of bloodborne pathogen, such as HIV  Precautions  Washing hands, wearing gloves and other personal safety equipment, disposal of sharp and contaminated objects  Most clients who have these diseases do not show any symptoms, so it is important to follow these universal precautions to protect yourself and other clients

4. DECONTAMINATION  Decontamination is the process of removing pathogens and other substances from tools using physical or chemical means  Contaminants include hair, makeup, and nail dust left on implements  Three main levels  Sterilization  Sanitation  Disinfection

5. STERILIZATION  Sterilization completely destroys both beneficial and pathogenic organisms on a surface, including bacterial spores  Methods include using extreme heat, such as in an autoclave  Can purchase pre-sterilized disposable tools  It is impossible to sterilize the skin or nail, because only surfaces without holes (such as metal) can be sterilized

6. SANITATION  Reduces the amount of pathogens on a surface  Clean tools and surfaces with soaps or detergents, remove hair from brushes and wash with soap  Proper sanitation discourages mold and mildew growth  Wash hands with warm water and liquid soap for 20 seconds, and do not dry hands with a cloth towel

7. DISINFECTION  Disinfection controls microorganisms on salon tools by using chemical disinfectants  Does not kill bacterial spores  Disinfectants must be approved by the state and the Environmental Protection Agency  Salons need to have access to the Material Safety Data Sheet for each disinfectant  Contains information on use, safety precautions, and storage requirements

8. TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS  Quaternary Ammonium Compounds  Non-toxic, fast-acting, odorless  Leaving tools in quat solution too long can damage them  Good for cleaning tables and counters  Phenols  These are poisonous but are safe if used properly in a 5 percent solution to clean metal tools  Can cause skin irritation or burns  Not good for use on plastic and rubber tools  Alcohols and bleaches  Not legal to use as a disinfectant in most states because they are not registered under the EPA  Can actually damage salon tools

9. DISINFECTING TOOLS  Remove hair and other loose matter by cleaning with soap and water  Rinse completely and pat dry  Put on safety equipment and mix the disinfectant according to the directions  Completely immerse tools for the required time  Remove tools and be careful not to contaminate the disinfectant  Rinse completely and pat dry  Place the clean implements in a closed, dry, disinfected container

10. DISINFECTING OTHER EQUIPMENT  Capes and Linens  Use these only once and then wash with bleach  Electrical Equipment  Wipe or spray with a hospital-grade disinfectant that was designed to clean electrical equipment  Foot Spas — follow manufacturer’s guidelines  Drain, disinfect, rinse and wipe dry after each customer  Clean all debris, flush, rinse, drain, and dry each day  Clean overnight with bleach every two weeks  Surfaces  Use a hospital-grade disinfectant before and after each client  Leave disinfectant on for the full amount of time needed

11. BLOOD SPILLS  Put on gloves and clean the injured area  Apply antiseptic and cover the wound with a bandage  Throw away all contaminated objects in either a bag or container specifically for biohazards  Remove gloves and wash hands before returning to the worktable  Disinfect any tools and surfaces that came into contact with any body fluids with a hospital-grade disinfectant