1. Propagation Delay and Receiver Collision Analysis in WDMA Protocols I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, e-mail: ipount@cs.ntua.gr 5th Int. Con. on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing CSNDSP 2006 – July 19-21, 2006

2. We present: A network protocol: for Wavelength Division Multiple Access (WDMA) for synchronous transmission in passive star topology with multiple control channels: Multi-channel Control Architecture (MCA) We achieve performance improvement exploiting: MCA: less processing overhead for control information propagation delay latency: simple MAC protocol to avoid data channel conflicts Analysis: discrete time Markovian model for finite number of stations and WDM channels with receiver collision effect CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

3. WDMA Protocols Performance parameters: control channel collisions data channel collisions receiver collisions propagation delay Single common-shared control channel vs MCA: Single control channel: stations can not receive and process all control packets maximum processing rate is limited to the speed of electronic interface MCA: multiple control channels to exchange control information elimination of electronic processing bottleneck MAC techniques to avoid of data channel collisions Normalized propagation delay R: is the ratio of propagation delay to data packet transmission time L has large values in WDM networks is a useful attribute to develop WDMA algorithms Receiver collisions: are usually neglected in analysis have significant effect on performance CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

4. Passive star multi-wavelength architecture Network model: M – number of stations v - number of control channels (λc1,..,λcv ) N - number of data channels (λd1,..,λdN) Each station has: a tunable transmitter tuned at all channels λc1,..,λcv,λd1,..,λdN v fixed tuned receivers one for each control channel a tunable receiver for data channels λd1,..,λdN Time reference: common clock to all stations cycle: C=1+(R+1)L time units CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

5. Packet Transmission – Access Mode (1) Packet generation: independently at each station following geometric distribution: free stations: probability p backlogged stations: probability p1 The station attempting to transmit: chooses randomly a wavelength for data packet transmission informs the other stations by sending a control packet: chooses randomly one of the v control channels transmits the control packet according to Slotted Aloha protocol: control channel collisions monitors the MCA with its fixed tuned receivers (R×L) time units later knows the data channel transmission claims of all stations CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

6. Packet Transmission – Access Mode (2) Cases: if control channel collision: the station becomes backlogged if no control channel collision: if the selected data channel is chosen from some other station: data channel collision avoidance algorithm is applied only one among the competed stations transmits the others stations become backlogged CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

7. Packet Transmission – Reception Mode The destination station: waits R×L time units after data packet transmission adjusts its tunable receiver to the data channel for reception Receiver collisions: if two or more packets are addressed to the same destination one of them is correctly received the others are aborted Free stations become backlogged in case of: control channel collision data channel collision receiver collision at destination CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

8. Model analysis Performance is described by a discrete time Markov chain: Markov system state Xt: is the number of busy stations in each cycle computes:  the one step transition probabilities  the steady state probabilities performance measures in steady state: throughput Src number of backlogged stations B input rate Sin delay D CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

9. One step transition probabilities P ij =(X t+1 =j | X t =i) Case A: if j<i-N then: P ij =0 Case B: if j = i-N then: P ij = Case D: if j=i then: P ij = Case E: if j>i then: P ij = CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos Case C: if i-N<j<i then: P ij =

10. Performance Measures (1) Steady state probabilities by solving the system of the linear equations: π = π P P: transition matrix with elements the probabilities P ij π: row vector with elements the steady state probabilities π i Conditional throughput Src(i): the expected value of the output rate, Src(i)=E[A t | X t =i]= : where: CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

11. Performance Measures (2) Steady state average throughput Src: Steady state number of backlogged stations B: Conditional input rate Sin(i): the expected number of arrivals: Steady state average input rate Sin: Throughput per data channel Sd: Delay D: the average cycles that a packet has to wait until its transmission: CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

12. Throughput per data channel Sd – dependence on N CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos As N increases for fixed stations: probability of data packet successful transmission: increases probability of data packet rejection at destination: increases Throughput per data channel Sd decreases

13. Rejection probability – dependence on N CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos As N increases for fixed stations: probability of data packet successful transmission: increases probability of data packet rejection at destination: increases

14. Throughput per data channel Sd – dependence on R CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos As R increases: C increases: increasing function of R Sd decreases: inverse proportional function of C cycle percentage for successful transmission: decreases essential reduction of Sd

15. Delay D vs Throughput per data channel Sd – dependence on R CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos As R increases: significant increase of D performance deterioration strong dependence of both Sd and D from R

16. Results System efficiency in WDMA depends on: powerful influence of R key role of receiver collisions (correlation of v, N, M) Both R and receiver collisions: sought be taken into consideration Our motivation: “exploitation” of R introduction of access algorithm to avoid data channel collisions use of MCA to minimize headers processing requirements improvement of system performance CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos

17. Thank you for your attention Questions… CSNDSP 2006I.E. Pountourakis, P.A. Baziana and G. Panagiotopoulos