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Network builder’s checklist for rules and regulation
Other laws Standards IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning Risto Toikkanen EADS Secure Networks
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Agenda What do I need to know about regulation, laws, agreements etc to put a TETRA system on air? Other laws Standards IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning Regulation vs agreements Standards and Intellectual property Licensing Radio spectrum Acceptance Environmental legislation Interoperability certification Network design process
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Regulation v.s. agreements?
Operating licence Spectrum Type approvals REGULATION – BY ADMINISTRATION, BASED ON LAW Environmental etc legislation Standards INDUSTRY AGREEMENTS LAW IPR/Patents Interoperability
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Standards and Intellectual Property
TETRA is a strong, widely supported digital trunked radio standard by ETSI TETRA was capable to enable open multi-vendor market TETRA was capable to create competed marketplace Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning See ETSI websites portal.etsi.org Intellectual property Patents, trade marks, copyrights, … ETSI IPR Policy & international competition laws set the TETRA rules FRAND: Declaration to licence on Fair, Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory terms See ETSI & TETRA MoU websites for more
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What do you mean by regulation?
Licencing and competition policy Spectrum management and licencing Approvals and market surveillance REGULATION – BY ADMINISTRATION, BASED ON LAW All these elements implemented in each country, details (and efficiency) may vary. In Europe harmonisation push from the EU and ECC/CEPT.
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Licensing – national issue
Operating licence only for commercial systems Spectrum licence always needed Spectrum is rare and thus valuable – licence costs Licencing practices: First come first served Beauty parade Auction Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning ERC Report 105, Review of PMR fees, Feb 2001: “…auctions are not a suitable instrument for the issuing of PMR licences … first come first served is the most suitable in the case of PMR.”
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Example PMR licence fees
“A trunked PMR system of 3 base stations and 400 mobiles using 3 exclusive PMR channels over an operation area of approx. 10 km” Annual fee in Euros; ERC Report 105, Feb 2001
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Radio spectrum - Europe
ECC – Electronic Communications Committee (– earlier ERC) CEPT Working Groups Frequency Management (FM) & Spectrum Engineering (SE) Project Teams – FM38 PT for PMR spectrum strategy ECC Decisions national implementation by country For TETRA Rel 1 the work is done See + national administration pages Now the work for TETRA Rel 2 TEDS spectrum is starting Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning
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European TETRA spectrum
In practice European Public Safety TETRA systems are at 380 to 400 MHz, others at 410 to 430 MHz 380 400 410 430 450 470 870 876 915 921 390 ERC Decision (96)01 – for Emergency Services – based on agreement with NATO – implemented by 29 administrations ERC Decision (96)04 – for ”Civil TETRA” – implemented by 28 administrations ECC Decision (02)03 –”Narrowband Digital PMR Decision” - implemented by administrations All these decisions are currently under review within CEPT
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TETRA spectrum outside EU
The 800 MHz band is the most common allocation for 25 kHz PMR channels such as TETRA outside Europe = 380 400 430 410 821 866 806 851 = Available in a few countries, has to be checked by country + some country specific UHF allocations like Russia / and China
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Acceptance Type Approvals Declaration of Conformance EU moved from Type Approvals to Conformance Declaration and Market Surveillance along with R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC Self-declaration: Declaration of Conformity (DoC) - to Harmonised Standards or - Technical Construction File (TCF) plus opinion of Notified Body Notification to regulator + CE marking Market Surveillance ECC Report 15/Sep 2002 Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning country restriction
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Harmonised standards to be met
1. Efficient usage of spectrum (technical compliance): EN Harmonised EN for TETRA equipment covering … V+D EN Harmonised EN for TETRA equipment covering … DMO 2. Electromagnetic compatibility: EN EMC standard for radio equipment and services, part 1: Common technical requirements EN EMC standard for radio equipment and services, part 18: Specific requirements for TETRA 3. Electromagnetic safety, e.g. (handsets): EN Product standard … exposure to electromagnetic fields EN Basic standard for the measurement of Specific Absorption Rate … 380 400 410 430 450 470 870 876 915 921 390 Harmonised TETRA standards:
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Environment: EU ROHS Directive
= Reduction Of Harmful Substances “DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment” Becomes effective on 1st July, 2006 Restricts the selling of the electronic equipment which contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and/or polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) requires hardware redesign Does not affect spare parts for and re-use (re-selling) of products sold before 1 July 2006 China is defining their own ROHS legislation Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning
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Interoperability certification
Voluntary industry arrangement to verify multi-vendor performance Established and magaged by the TETRA MoU Association Supervised by authorised test house ISCTI The IOP certification process was the necessary enabler of open multi-vendor TETRA market and competition for the benefit of all players Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning For customers: more choice, less dependency, security against market disturbances, competed prices, competed product features For industry: bigger market, better possibility to invest, faster take-up of market, faster developmement
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TETRA IOP Certification process
ACCEPTED into OPERATION (Also need CE mark or TA) STANDARDS CERTIFICATE TMO AI group DMO AI group ISI group PEI group MoU MoU Operator/User Association Technical Forum Members’ Enquiry Certification Body ISCTI *) – Rome/Italy approx 12 suppliers TEST PLANS TIP SPECS *) Instituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e tecnologie dell'Informazione
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IOP – achievements/V+D AI
Status as per V+D Functionality (TTR 001) TIP Test plan Certified Part 1: Version 4 core Ready Yes Part 2: Short Data Service Part 3: DGNA Part 4: Authentication Part 5: Packet Data, incl multi-slot Part 6: Air Interf Migration ph 2 Part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Part 8: RF Loop-back Part 9: Ambience Listening Part 10: E2E Encryption & CVO Part 11: AI Encryption Part 12: Service Interaction Part 13: Enable/Disable Part 14: TETRA key distribution Part 15: Call Author by Dispatcher Post-ME Part 16: Air-to-ground (new v2.0) Part 17: Radio User Assignment Part 18: Circuit Mode Data Call Tested products: Cleartone DeTeWe/FWK Frequentis IFR (tester) Marconi/OTE Motorola Niros Nokia/EADS R & S Bick Rohill Simoco/Sepura Teltronic Thales Certificates at
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IOP – achievements/DMO & ISI
Status as per DMO Functionality (TTR 002) TIP Test plan Certified Part 1: Version 2 core Ready Yes Part 2: DMO Gateway Part 3: Type 1 DMO Repeater Part 4: DMO end-to-end encryption Part 5: DMO Air Interface Security Post-ME ISI Functionality (TTR 003) Part 1: Mobility mgmt + authent Part 2: Individual call Part 3: Short Data Service Part 4: Lower layers Part 5-1: Circuit mode voice xfer Part 5-2: Packet mode voice xfer Part 6: Group call Next step: PEI Functionality Tested DMO products: Cleartone Marconi/OTE Motorola Nokia/EADS Simoco/Sepura Teltronic Certificates at
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System planning aspects
How TETRA differs from cellular systems planning Group calls, multi-site, single channel Mix of semi-duplex & full duplex calls Short call durations Multiple call priorities Queuing for radio resources Traffic from/to dispatch workstations and C&C systems Intense use of data applications like AVL Radio network dimensioning rather coverage driven than capacity driven Laws Standard IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals IOP System planning
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PMR network planning flow
Site planning/ acquisition Radio network planning Transmission planning Core network planning coverage planning - capacity dimensioning - frequency - radio parameter transmission topology - redundancy signalling capacity voice/data payload - traffic capacity call/transaction processing capacity delay performance application & control room interfaces fleet/VPN plan numbering plan - routing plans system parameter planning The big task, difficult to fix later. Use proper CAD tools right digital maps professional staff Remember group call modelling, one slot per group call per site. “Experienced planning engineer can design 50 to 70 radio sites per year.”
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Radio coverage estimation
Coverage/noise limited design (simplified) uplink Tx power - uplink Rx sensitivity - or - downlink Tx power - downlink Rx sensitivity Max power margin + antenna gains - cable etc losses Max path loss antenna heights frequency terrain type Cell radius Cell area = “link budget” Okumura-Hata model Number of cells Noise limited design is the default but please remember: Irregularities in terrain Cell overlap wanted for redundancy Buildings needing indoor coverage Possible umbrella cell arrangements Possible capacity limited hot spot cells Possible air-to-ground cells You may want more cells than what the plain math suggests Manufacturer can only help with Rx sensitivity
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How do you ensure that ... ... you get what you wanted
Permission to switch on: Licence & CE mark Health & safety: SAR conformance report (part of CE process) Interoperability: IOP certificate These tell that it meets the baseline ... ... but the multi-vendor market lets you choose the product and supplier based on your own evaluation of: product, features, design, technology ... company, field support, resources ... price, warranty, payment terms, ... salesperson’s friendly smile ...
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Summary At open market the user can choose.
To have a wide and open market one needs - a strong standard - market-oriented regulatory regime - voluntary industry arrangements like IOP It may mean some extra work, but it gives benefits to all parties With TETRA is has happened already At open market the user can choose.
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