1. Measurement of Disability and Linkages with Welfare, Employment and Schooling: The Case of Uzbekistan Kinnon Scott Cem Mete June 2007

2. Disability and Welfare Causality  both ways Limited information on the link Conceptually different Sources: Administrative data Census Surveys Need link to other information

3. Official Disability in Uzbekistan Legal definitions of persons with disability: Category 1: Lost ability to work and depend on others for their care Category 2: Lost ability to work but do not depend on others for their care Category 3: Partially lost ability to work

4. Disability in Uzbekistan Pop w/ official disability status: 1996 2.4% 2003 3.4% Real increase? Increase in disease (TB) Value of benefits Denominator problem Survey alternative

5. Questions to answer Disability Measurement –How do different measures affect incidence and distribution of disability Poverty and Disability –What linkages exist between disability (various measures) and welfare (monetary, education, labor)

6. Uzbekistan Regional Panel Survey, 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study survey –Welfare measure: consumption –Individual characteristics: education, health, labor, migration –Household level data: welfare, housing, agriculture, businesses –Regional: Tashkent, Andijan, Kashkadarya –Panel (short and truncated)

7. Uzbekistan Regional Panel Survey, 2005 Multiple measures of disability Official Physical functioning: WG 6 areas: hearing, vision, mobility, learning, communication, self- care, Full difficulty, severe, index Self-described as having disability Self-described physical functioning limitation Chronic Illness Activities of daily living- index

8. Physical Functioning: 2005 URPS VariableAllFemaleMaleQ 1Q 5 Official disability0.03830.03260.04450.03210.0507 No full limitations0.68110.64760.71670.73670.5921 One full limitation0.03230.03700.02740.03480.0305 One serious diff. or full limit.0.11770.13810.09590.10690.1294 No. of full limitations0.04860.05880.03760.05300.0419 No. serious diff. or full limit.0.20530.23990.16840.18980.2235 Normalized domain score0.05260.06090.04370.04330.0657

9. Alternative measures: 2005 URPS VariableAllFemaleMaleQ 1Q 5 Official Disability Status0.03830.03260.04450.03210.0507 Chronic Illness0.11890.12780.10930.06860.2114 Own disability assessment (w2)0.10310.10320.10290.07150.1453 Own func. Disab. Assess, (w2)0.05770.05520.06040.04950.0609 Normalized ADL score, w10.12180.14360.09810.10590.1539 Normalized ADL score, w20.10540.11920.09050.07670.1636

10. Age and Disability Measures

11. Determinants of Official Disability Status Serious difficulty in 1/6 pf Own assessment ADL Working age Being male Regional differences Welfare level not significant

12. Summary of Different Measures 12 percent with serious difficulty or full limit on at least one area 3.2 % with full limit Official disability 3.8% Does change in definition change our understanding of welfare links and indiviudal characteristics

13. Characteristics of those with disabilities (Causality beyond the scope) Welfare Education Labor force participation

14. Characteristics of those with disabilities (Causality beyond the scope) Welfare Education Labor force participation

15. Welfare Log pc consumption Five measures: –One full limitation –Official disability status –One full or serious difficulty –Chronic Disease –ADL, normalized score Hold constant: region, hhld composition, age, educ and gender of head

16. Welfare One full or serious difficulty leads to 4.8 percent decline in pc consumption Other four: negative but NS

17. Characteristics of those with disabilities Causality beyond the scope Welfare Education Labor force participation

18. Education Higher to basic: 60% increase in earnings Over 90% of 6-14 enrolled (2003) Enrollments start to fall at 15 and by 18 down to 2/3 enrollment

19. Education Probability of enrollment 7-14 yr olds Official disability status- 24% decline One serious or full limit: 6.1% Chronic illness: 11.6% Probability of enrollment 15-18 Official disability status: 42-49 % Yrs of schooling (tentative) Full limitation: 2.5 yrs Serious difficulty 1 yr

20. Characteristics of those with disabilities Causality beyond the scope Welfare Education Labor force participation

21. Active –ILO defn W1 and W3: seasonality Official disability status: 52% pts Full Limitation: 37% pts One serious or full: 24 % pts Chronic illness: 19 % pts

22. Summary Measurement matters –For incidence –For understanding of linkages between disability and welfare, education, labor Official disability status: increase women’s access, consistent application across region Surveys can usefully include disability questions

23. VariableAllFemaleMaleQ1Q5 No problem w/ Vision0.85560.83510.87740.91370.7718 Hearing0.92650.91760.93590.93580.9038 Movement-walk0.81220.77430.85250.86730.7593 Learning0.83660.80850.86660.87410.7895 Communication0.94490.94480.94500.94750.9514 Self-care (wash)0.91740.90320.93260.91290.9229 Full limit. with: Vision0.00300.00330.0028 0.0012 Hearing0.0030 0.00310.00340.0049 Movement-walk0.01940.02560.01290.01720.0243 Learning0.00420.00400.00430.00570.0034 Communication0.00450.00550.00330.00640.0016 Self-care (wash)0.01450.01750.01120.01750.0065 Incidence: physical funct.