1. Using A Four Factor Model To Determine Interactions Between Family History Of Alcoholism, Gender, And Motives For Drinking In A Freshman College Sample. Using A Four Factor Model To Determine Interactions Between Family History Of Alcoholism, Gender, And Motives For Drinking In A Freshman College Sample. R.E. Jiantonio 1 ; R.I. Rosen 1 ; S. Armeli 4 ; H. Tennen 4 ; J.F. Sisante 1, S. Raskin 5 ; C.S. Austad 3 ; R. Wood 3, C.R. Fallahi 3 ; M.K. Ginley 1 ; G.D. Pearlson 1,2 1 Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, 2 Dept. of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 3 Dept. of Psychology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, 4 University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 5 Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, CT MATERIALS AND METHODS INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS For each drinking motive, a two-way between-groups ANOVA examined main and interaction effects of family history status and gender. There was no interaction effect between FH+ males and females and their motivations to drink (See Table 1). Results showed significant main effects of family history status on those who reported drinking for social, coping, and enhancement reasons. Independent samples t-tests indicated that FH+ were more likely to report drinking for these motives than FH- (See Table 2). Significant main effects of gender were found on those who reported drinking to conform. A t-test showed that males were more likely to report drinking to conform than females (See Figure 2). Our findings support previous literature reporting that individuals with a FH of alcoholism are more likely to report drinking for coping or enhancement reasons and that males are more likely to report drinking for conformity reasons. Future research on not only how much students are drinking but why they are drinking is important in helping to identify the level of risk for future alcohol use disorders. We continue to follow students for 2 yrs to help assess this. Funded by RO1 AA016599 (BARCS Study) and RC1 AA019036 to Dr. Godfrey Pearlson. Brain and Alcohol Research in College Students (aka BARCS Study) “Mascot” Alcohol is the drug of choice among college students 1. Prior research has identified four distinct categories as psychological motivations to consume alcohol: Social, (drinking to help enjoy a party), Coping (to forget about problems), Enhancement (drinking to ‘feel high’), and Conformity (drinking so as not to feel left out )2. Prior studies show males to be more likely to drink for externalizing motives (Social and Conformity) 2 perhaps due to their competitive nature 3. Adolescents with a family history of alcoholism are more likely to show greater internalizing motives (Coping and Enhancement) to consume alcohol than those who are not 4. Those who report drinking for internalizing motives are more likely to develop serious alcohol problems in adulthood 4. Identifying how young adults’ motives to drink relate to their family histories of alcoholism can provide information on how clinical interventions and health policies can best be utilized on college campuses 4. Previous research has focused on drinking motives among adolescent samples, whereas the current study focused specifically on a freshman college sample in which participants’ ages ranged from 18-25 years. HYPOTHESES Gender will have significant effects on externalizing motives to drink. FH status will have significant effects on internalizing motives to drink. Interactions between FH status and gender will be minimal, because one predicts externalizing motives to drink while the other predicts internalizing motives to drink. 1. Heffernan, T.M. & Bartholomew, J. (2006). Does excessive alcohol use in teenagers affect their everyday prospective memory? Journal of Adolescent Health, 39: 138-140. 2. Cooper, M.L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment,6(2): 117-128. 3. Grossbard, J., Geisner, I., Neighbors, C., Kilmer, J.. & Larimer, M. (2007). Are drinking games sports? College athlete participation in drinking games and alcohol-related problems. Journal for Studies of Alcohol and Drugs, 68: 97-105. 4. Chalder, M., Elgar, F., & Bennett, P. (2006). Drinking and motivations to drink among adolescent children of parents with alcohol problems. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 41(1): 107-113. 996 college freshmen (44.4% male) aged 18- 25 were recruited on a voluntary basis from the ongoing NIAAA- funded BARCS (Brain and Alcohol Research in College Students) study from two Connecticut academic institutions; one a small, private college and the other a larger, public university. Subjects were categorized into family history positive (FH+ N=188) or negative (FH- N=808) for alcoholism. FH+ was defined as having at least one 1st degree relative with a history of alcoholism, and FH- was defined as having no first degree relatives with a history of alcohol problems. Subjects unable to report on family history of alcoholism were excluded. Motivations to consume alcohol were assessed via secure online surveys, using a modified Drinking Motives questionnaire 2. REFERENCES Figure. 1: Differences in Drinking Motivations based on Family History of Alcoholism (+/- SEM) Figure 2: Differences in Drinking Motivations based on Gender (+/- SEM) TABLE 1: Two-way between groups ANOVA examining main and interaction effects of Family History Status and Gender SourceDependent VariableMean SquareFSig. Gender SOCIAL81.32.1790.14 COPING3.2830.1890.664 ENHANCEMENT26.1920.7190.397 CONFORMITY64.8054.7180.03 FH SOCIAL332.0778.8990.003 COPING117.7246.7770.009 ENHANCEMENT175.184.8120.028 CONFORMITY15.731.1450.285 Gender * FH SOCIAL48.1511.290.256 COPING2.9860.1720.679 ENHANCEMENT0.7650.0210.885 CONFORMITY3.4420.2510.617 **: p≤0.01 *: p≤0.05