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Published byJemima Freeman Modified over 8 years ago
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Coach Williams Room 310B
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4.1: What is a mineral?
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Naturally occurring= natural processes Inorganic= not alive ◦ Salt or sugar? Solid Chemical make up= element or compound Crystalline structure= geometric pattern
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Crystal- solid, repeating pattern of atoms Table 4-1
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Magma- melted substance beneath crust Cools and forms crystals
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Supersaturation of liquids (overfilled) Solid crystals form
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3000 minerals in Earth’s crust 30 Common Most are from 8 elements ◦ O, S, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg Silicates Carbonates Oxides
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Silicates Oxygen, silicon, + others Ex: Quartz
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Carbonates Metal + CO 3 Marble and malachite
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Oxides Oxygen + Metal Hematite
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Sulfides= Sulfur Sulfates= SO 4 Halides= Chlorine/Fluorine + Ca, Na, K Native Elements- Ag, Cu, Fe, etc…
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4.2: Identifying Minerals Using simple tests to identify minerals Physical characteristics Chemical characteristics
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Least reliable
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How light is reflected Metallic or non-metallic Ex: shiny, dull
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How the mineral feels Ex: smooth or rough
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Color of a mineral when broken & powdered
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How easily a mineral can be scratched Mohs Scale Harder minerals scratch softer ones
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Cleavage- breaks easily along a plane Fracture- breaks with rough, jagged edges
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Density = mass/volume Specific Gravity = weight compared to water
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Ores- mineral mined for profit $$$$$$ Mines- location of gathering ores Gems- minerals valued for beauty
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