1. Coach Williams Room 310B

2.  4.1: What is a mineral?

3.  Naturally occurring= natural processes  Inorganic= not alive ◦ Salt or sugar?  Solid  Chemical make up= element or compound  Crystalline structure= geometric pattern

4.  Crystal- solid, repeating pattern of atoms  Table 4-1

5.  Magma- melted substance beneath crust  Cools and forms crystals

6.  Supersaturation of liquids (overfilled)  Solid crystals form

7.  3000 minerals in Earth’s crust  30 Common  Most are from 8 elements ◦ O, S, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg  Silicates  Carbonates  Oxides

8.  Silicates  Oxygen, silicon, + others  Ex: Quartz

9.  Carbonates  Metal + CO 3  Marble and malachite

10.  Oxides  Oxygen + Metal  Hematite

11.  Sulfides= Sulfur  Sulfates= SO 4  Halides= Chlorine/Fluorine + Ca, Na, K  Native Elements- Ag, Cu, Fe, etc…

12.  4.2: Identifying Minerals  Using simple tests to identify minerals  Physical characteristics  Chemical characteristics

13.  Least reliable

14.  How light is reflected  Metallic or non-metallic  Ex: shiny, dull

15.  How the mineral feels  Ex: smooth or rough

16.  Color of a mineral when broken & powdered

17.  How easily a mineral can be scratched  Mohs Scale  Harder minerals scratch softer ones

18.  Cleavage- breaks easily along a plane  Fracture- breaks with rough, jagged edges

19.  Density = mass/volume  Specific Gravity = weight compared to water

20.  Ores- mineral mined for profit $$$$$$  Mines- location of gathering ores  Gems- minerals valued for beauty