1. A Small Dose of ToxicologyEthics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 Ethics, The Precautionary Principle, and Our Future “Out of Harm’s Way: Preventing Toxic Threats to our Children’s Health” October 15, 2005 Spokane, WA Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT www.asmalldoseof.org

2. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology CHE-WA – PP working group More Information on Precautionary Principle See: www.asmalldoseof.org -- smdosesmdose CHE-WA – PP working group http://washington.chenw.org/PPgroup.html

3. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology NW Public Health See: http://healthlinks.washington.edu/nwcphp/nph/ nwph Public Health and the Precautionary Principle By Steven G. Gilbert

4. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Ethical Perspective Public Health, Ethics and the Precautionary Principle – Its Matter of Policy NOT Resources And Externalized Costs

5. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Child Health

6. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology “Conditions that ensure that all living things have the best opportunity to reach and maintain their full genetic potential.” S. Gilbert (1999) Environmental & Human Health

7. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Developmental Data 2863 above 1 Million pounds 78.2% no data 21.4% some data 12 or 0.4% good data www.preventingharm.org

8. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology  Nearly 12 million children (17%) under age 18 in the US suffer from one or more developmental disabilities  Learning disabilities – 5-10% of kids in public school  ADHD – 3-6% of all school kids, maybe higher The Consequences

9. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." - Aldo Leopold, 1949, A Sand County Almanac The First Bioethicist ---------- 1887 - 1948 ---------- Aldo Leopold

10. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology “An ethic, ecologically, is a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for existence” Aldo Leopold Limits on Freedom

11. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology “The Commons” The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

12. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Technical Solutions “It is our considered professional judgment that this dilemma has no technical solution.” The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

13. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Problems – Solutions?  Lead and kids  Fetal alcohol syndrome  Nuclear disarmament  Bioterrorism  Ocean Fisheries  Persistent chemicals  The Commons

14. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology “When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, precautionary measures should be take even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.” Wingspread Conference, 1998. Precautionary Principle

15. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology  FDA regulations of Drugs (1938)  FDA regulations of Dietary Supplements (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA))  Ephedra present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury (Dec, 2003) Safety & Efficacy vs Harm

16. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty Shifting the burden of proof/responsibility to the proponents of an activity Exploring a wide range of alternatives to possibly harmful actions Increasing public participation in decision making Wingspread Conference, 1998. Central components

17. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Seattle Precautionary Principle - White Paper A Policy Framework for Adopting the Precautionary Principle Seattle PP Working Group

18. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology City Comprehensive Plans Every citizen of Seattle has an equal right to a healthy and safe environment. Seattle sees the Precautionary Principle approach as its policy framework to develop laws for a healthier and more just Seattle. Seattle PP working group Seattle Initiative

19. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Seattle Precautionary Principle White Paper (www.asmalldoseof.org) Inclusion of PP in Comp Plan Environment Element (http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/Planning/Seattle's_Co mprehensive_Plan/DPD_001178.asp) LinkLink Result of Effort

20. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology “Protecting Public Health by Adopting the Precautionary Principle as an Approach to Decision Making” Resolution Submitted to Washington State Public Health Association WSPHA Resolution

21. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology  California San Francisco Precautionary Purchasing Ordinance - June 2005 Resolution of the Marin county board of supervisors “A resolution to continue to incorporate the precautionary principle in county operations.” Oct 2004  Oregon Multnomah County, OR Resolution - September 2004  New York State Legislation - April 2005  Bill A07256 “To protect public health and the environment by establishing a precautionary policy for state and local governments in New York State.”  Bill A07257 “To establish a preference for the purchase of commodities, services, and technologies by the State of New York that minimize potential adverse impacts on public health and the environment.” States in the US

22. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Kids-Safe Chemicals Act of 2005 U.S. Senators Frank Lautenberg  Update the Toxic Substances Control Act  Toxic chemicals must be tested  Focus on Prevention US Government Effort

23. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Agreement Respecting Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans: Steel Manufacturing Electric Arc Furnaces Pollution Prevention Strategy “In keeping with the Precautionary Principle as set out as guidance in the Canada-wide Standards Sub-agreement, and in consideration of the CWS principles of sound science, technical feasibility and socio-economic impacts, …..” http://www.ec.gc.ca/CEPARegistry/notices/NoticeText.cfm?intNotice=159&intDocument=939 Canada and PP

24. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology REACH -- Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals  The two most important aims are to improve protection of human health and the environment from the hazards of chemicals and enhance the competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry.  The Commission’s White Paper on the Strategy for a future Chemicals Policy was adopted in on 13 February 2001.  A Precautionary approach REACH-European Union

25. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology REACH -- Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals  Initially regulate High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals - produced or imported above 1,000 metric tons.  Total world wide production of chemicals 400 million metric tons per year or $1.6 Trillion  To be introduced into European Parliament late this year. REACH

26. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology  WA State – Resolution at WA State Public Health Association  WA State - expand recognition of PP at City, State, and County Level  Gain National recognition for a precautionary approach in decision making regarding human and environmental health PP Next Steps

27. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology How You Can Get Involved Join National CHE - www.cheforhealth.org CHE-NW/CHE-WA coordinator: Elise Miller, MEd, Executive Director Institute for Children’s Environmental Health emiller@iceh.orgemiller@iceh.org www.chenw.org PP Working Group: Steven G. Gilbert, PhD sgilbert@innd.org www.asmalldoseof.org

28. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology The Potential of Children

29. A Small Dose of ToxicologyEthics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 Additional Information  The Science and Environmental Health Network (SEHN) (www.sehn.org)  Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896-2000 – European Environment Agency (free)  Garrett Hardin - The Tragedy of the Commons (Science, 1968)  Ethical, legal, and social issues: our children's future. Steven G. Gilbert. Neurotoxicology, 26/4 pp 521-530, 2005.  Public Health and the Precautionary Principle. Steven G. Gilbert. NW Public Health, Spring 2005. http://healthlinks.washington.edu/nwcphp/nph/

30. A Small Dose of ToxicologyEthics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 Ethics and the Precautionary Principle Questions or Comments? Download Presentation from www.asmalldoseof.org

31. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Authorship Information For Additional Information Contact Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT E-mail: smdose@asmalldoseof.org Web: www.asmalldoseof.org This presentation is supplement to “A Small Dose of Toxicology”

32. Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology Socially Responsible