2. Driver Education Section VI Day 1 - Occupant Protection

3. SOL DE 14 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the proper use of vehicle occupant protection features and analyze how they reduce injury severity and increase collision survival a. Active restraint system b. Passive restraint system c. Child restraint system d. Highway safety design

4. Objective The student will –Understand the proper use of seatbelts, airbags, and child restraints

5. Day 1 – Occupant Protection Bell Ringer – #1 –3 paragraphs 5 sentences each –Describe your experience riding in a car during braking and accelerating. What does it feel like to be a passenger in a car that suddenly stops? Suddenly accelerates? Why do you think wearing safety belts is especially important in these situations? Why is it important for all passengers in the car to buckle up? What are some other features on a car that make it safer?

6. Definitions Active Restraint Passive Restraint Occupant Head Restraints Air Bags

7. Occupant Protection DMVM > 20-21 Text > 120-122 DOE PP > Module 8 & Module 9 Topics Safety Belts Child Safety Seats Air Bags Other Structural Features

8. Safety Belts DMVM > 20 Text Book > 120 Can double your chances of surviving a crash and more than double your chances of avoiding serious injury. Reduces chances of being killed by 50% and reduces chance of serious injury by 70%.

9. Safety Belt Clip

10. Buckle up to guard against additional injury from a secondary collision or ejection from the vehicle Accidents have three separate collisions: 1. The vehicle collision, the car hits something. 2. The occupant collision, the occupant hits unsecured items inside the vehicle. 3. The organs of the body colliding with the skeletal system. COPY THIS SECTION

11. Virginia Safety Belt Laws DMVM > 20 Requires drivers and front seat passengers to use safety belts. A driver transporting anyone through age 15 must make sure that the child is properly secured in a safety belt, booster seat or child safety seat no matter where the child is seated.

12. Virginia Law for Children DMVM > 21 DOE PP > Module 8 All children under age eight must be properly secured in a child safety seat or booster seat. Safest if seated in back center seat Infant seats/rear facing/birth to 20 lbs. Use child seats up to 40 lbs. Use booster seats up to 60 lbs.

13. Movement of Belted Occupant DOE PP> Module 8 Head = 1.9 ft. Chest = 1.3 ft. Pelvis = 1.2 ft. 31 MPH Crash DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

14. Safety Belt Clip

15. Types of Child Safety Seats DOE PP > Module 8 Forward Facing Child Restraints Rear Facing Infant Seat Booster Seats Up to 20 LBS Up to 40 LBS Over 40 LBS until age 8 DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

16. Adjusting Belts for Proper Fit Handout Wear Lap Belt low and snug across hips (pelvis) to avoid unnecessary internal injuries Wear Shoulder Belt over collar bone and chest (sternum) to avoid shoulder dislocation and rib cage damage Seat belts should be worn over the strongest skeletal bones

17. Additional Safety Belt Concerns DOE PP > Module 8 Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash.Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash. COPY THIS SLIDE

18. Safety Belt Clip

19. Air Bags DMVM > 20-21 Text > 120 They cushion occupants as they move forward in a front-end crash. The air bag keeps the occupant’s head, neck and chest from hitting the steering column or dashboard. Some vehicle’s have air bags that inflate in a side collision. Air bags do not take away the need to wear safety belts.

20. Video Clip With & Without Side Air Bags

21. Air Bag in Steering Wheel Raise seat or adjust steering wheel to direct air bag toward chest and not at the facial areaRaise seat or adjust steering wheel to direct air bag toward chest and not at the facial area Adjust seat for a minimum 10-inch clearance between chest and steering wheelAdjust seat for a minimum 10-inch clearance between chest and steering wheel Hand position should be at 8 and 4Hand position should be at 8 and 4 Avoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent blow hole burns to hands and armsAvoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent blow hole burns to hands and arms Handout

22. Air Bags at Work

23. Fatal Crashes 63% of people killed in accidents are not wearing seat belts COPY THIS SLIDE

24. Read Pages 120 – 122 “What features protect you and your passenger from injury?” - Answer Lesson 2 Review Question #2 (page 122) * Make sure to write down all 9 features AND explain why these features are important in your opinion. Class Work #1 Other Structural Features Text Book > 120 - 122

25. Other Structural Features Text Book > 121 - 122 Head Restraints Door Locks Childproof door Locks Tempered Safety-glass windows Impact-resistant Bumpers Protective padding on the Dashboard and Roof Energy-absorbing steering column Answers to Lesson 2 Review Question #2 Make Sure your answers Match (EACH SHOULD HAVE AN EXPLAINATON)

26. Other Structural Features DOE PP> Module 8  Vehicle Crumple Zones  Anti-Lock Brakes  Traction Control Devices  Electronic Stability Program (ESP)  Suspension Control Devices  Headlights DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

27. Other Structural Features Video clip

28. Vehicle Systems — Brake Systems How Brakes Work Brakes are actually energy conversion devices. kinetic energy thermal energy When you step on the brakes, they convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of your vehicle into thermal energy (heat). Thousands of pounds of pressure are applied on each of the four brakes, permitting the driver to slow or stop the rotation of the tires. The friction of the tires against the road surface will then slow and/or stop the vehicle. DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE DOE PP> Module 9

29. Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Topic 2 Lesson 1 * ABS was developed to assist driver braking actions by preventing tires from sliding and to keep them rotating slowly to allow steering. Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake System DOE PP> Module 9 Handout

30. Enhanced Braking Action Reduced Stopping Distance Increased Vehicle Stability Enhanced Vehicle Steerability ABS Advantages Braking and Steering In many emergency situations braking alone may not prevent a collision. Handout DOE PP> Module 9

31. 1.Increase your following distance in bad weather 2.Practice using ABS 3.Keep your foot firmly on the brake even if it vibrates 4.Check owner’s manual for special concerns With ABS… INCREASE INCREASE DOE PP> Module 9 Handout

32. 1.Drive More Aggressively 2.Pump the Brakes With ABS, Do Not 3. Steer Too Much 4. Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or Vibration DOE PP> module 9 Handout

33. Highway Design Features DOE PP> Module 8 Wide clear shoulders and wide lanes Rumble strips installed at the road edge Redesign of median barriers Traffic calming devices Handout

34. Highway Design Features DOE PP> Module 8 1-Breakaway sign support posts 3- Crash attenuators such as vinyl liquid or sand filled drums 2- New design guard rails with ends angled away from roadway and buried Handout

35. Highway Design Features DOE PP> Module 8 4-Protected left and right turn bays 5-Collector/distributor lanes on high speed, high density highways - separates slower moving entering/exiting traffic from the higher speed through traffic 6-Variable message signs alert drivers to weather conditions, construction, and traffic problems Handout

36. Class Work #2 3 paragraphs, 5 sentences each Come up with TWO additional safety features, for either the car or the roadway and explain why your safety features should be used and how they are to be implemented. Work on until the end of the class