1. Safety Management – A Compromise Between Production and Protection
Captain Dan Maurino
Flight Safety and Human Factors – ICAO
Worldwide Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System
Montreal
26 – 30 March 2007 1 1 1

2. The First Ultra-Safe Industrial System
Fragile system (1920’s -1970’s)
Individual risk management & intensive training
Accident investigation
10-3
Safe system (1970’s – mid 1990’s)
Technology & regulations
Incident investigation
10-5
Ultra-safe system (mid 1990’s onwards)
Business management approach to safety (SMS)
Routine collection and analysis of operational data
10-7
Less than one
catastrophic breakdown
per million production cycles

3. Truth or Falsehood? In this airport safety is first In this
unit safety is
the first priority
In this airline,
safety comes first
Declaración de la política de seguridad operacional de la compañía
Se dice muy a menudo que “la seguridad tiene un sentido económico”. A menos que una compañía experimente una pérdida importante o evalúa criticamente los costos directos e indirectos de un suceso, es a menudo muy dificultoso aseverar el sentido de la mencionada declaración: “la seguridad tiene un sentido económico”. Los costos directos, usualmente pueden ser fácilmente identificados e incluyen los daños sufridos por la aeronave, las compensaciones por las lesiones a terceros y los daños a la propiedad, los que son usualmente compensados por los reclamos hechos ante las compañías aseguradoras.

4. To achieve specific production goals
Truth
What is the fundamental purpose
of a business organization?
To achieve specific production goals

5. The Business Management Perspective
To achieve specific production goals, service providers must manage core business processes
Managing safety is one such business process
Safety management is a core business function just as financial management, HR management, etc.

6. A Balanced Compromise
Production
Protection
Resources

7. The Dilemma
Resources
Resources
Production
Bankruptcy
Protection

8. The Dilemma
Resources
Resources
Protection
Production
Catastrophe

9. Building Safety Resilience…
Risk
High
Low
System’s
Production
Objective(s)
Regulations
Technology
Safety
Space
Training
System output
Maximum
Minimum

10. …Upon Business Management Practices
Safety issues are a byproduct of activities related to production/services delivery.
Managing safety – An analysis of an organization's resources and goals leading to
Balanced and realistic allocation of resources between protection and production goals
Support of the needs of the organization

11. Production, Protection & ICAO SARPs
States shall establish a safety programme, in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety in:
The operation of aircraft
The maintenance of aircraft
The provision of air traffic services
Aerodrome operations

12. Production, Protection & ICAO SARPs
States shall require, as part of their safety programme, that a [service provider] implements a safety management system accepted by the State that, as a minimum:
Identifies safety hazards
Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented
Provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved
Aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of safety

13. Enter Acceptable Level of Safety
The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall be established by the State(s) concerned
Minimum safety performance that service providers should achieve while conducting their core business functions
Each agreed acceptable level of safety should be commensurate to
Complexity of individual service provider specific operational contexts
Availability of service provider resources to address safety concerns

14. In Search of the Balanced Compromise
Production
Protection
Resources
Protection
State
safety
programme
Objective:
Public
safety
Oversight
Production
Acceptance
Oversight
Organization’s
safety
management
system (SMS)
Organization’s
production
processes
Objective:
Achieve
commercial
goals and
customer
satisfaction
Objective:
Control
safety risk
Safety assurance

15. Safety Management – Excuses and Fear
Denial: ritualistic rejection of change
Repair: cover-up, cosmetic adaptation denying progress
Reform: engaging the will to change