1. The Meiji Restoration Era, 1868-1889 Road to Industrialization

2. Change was the currency isolated, feudalistic island state in 1850 isolated, feudalistic island state in 1850 a powerful colonial power with the most modern of institutions by 1912 a powerful colonial power with the most modern of institutions by 1912 Samurai Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the Boshin War, circa 1867.

3. Sources of the Meiji Restoration Tokugawa era (1600–1868) Tokugawa era (1600–1868) stability stability centralized “feudal” system centralized “feudal” system Europeans excluded Europeans excluded political and educational sophistication political and educational sophistication Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu

4. Late-Tokugawa Japan ripe for change leaders interested in the ways of the West leaders interested in the ways of the West American and European seaman began visiting Japan’s ports American and European seaman began visiting Japan’s ports Domains gaining power at the expense of the shogunate Domains gaining power at the expense of the shogunate Japanese woodblock print of Perry (centre) and other high-ranking American seamen.

5. Tokugawa opens Japan to foreigners in 1854 most tumultuous period most tumultuous period Westerners demand trade Westerners demand trade new customs new customs Christian religion Christian religion Playing politics Playing politics Commodore Perry's fleet for his second visit to Japan in 1854.

6. The Transition to Meiji, 1868–1877 January 3, 1868, Meiji’s coup January 3, 1868, Meiji’s coup leaders were young leaders were young policies were pragmatic policies were pragmatic power was tenuous power was tenuous The Meiji Emperor, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868.

7. “Seat-of-the-pants” Government “charter oath,” issued in April 1868 “charter oath,” issued in April 1868 government structure was reorganized repeatedly government structure was reorganized repeatedly leadership kept shifting leadership kept shifting policies often revised policies often revised Reception by the Meiji Emperor of the Second French Military Mission to Japan, 1872.

8. The Clear Direction Centralization Centralization Solidarity Solidarity Involvement in the broader world. Involvement in the broader world. Commitment to making Japan a modern nation Commitment to making Japan a modern nation Emperor Meiji in his fifties

9. Internationalization Studied Western models Studied Western models yatoi yatoi Treaty Revision Treaty Revision The Meiji emperor receiving the Order of the Garter from Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1906, as a consequence of the Anglo- Japanese Alliance.

10. Centralization replace the semi-feudal domains with modern prefectures replace the semi-feudal domains with modern prefectures military draft military draft School compulsory School compulsory Crisis of 1873 Crisis of 1873 Satsuma Rebellion Satsuma Rebellion of 1877 Provinces of Japan in an 1855 map.

11. Creating a Modern System, 1877–1889 hard on the traditional samurai class, and devastating for vast numbers of people hard on the traditional samurai class, and devastating for vast numbers of people diffusion of new ideas and practices diffusion of new ideas and practices Food Food Business Business Infrastructure Infrastructure culture culture Saigo Takamori (seated, in Western uniform), surrounded by his officers, in samurai attire, during the 1877 Satsuma rebellion.

12. Drive toward creating a Constitutional System A constant, fierce struggle between popular and official forces. A constant, fierce struggle between popular and official forces. “movement for freedom and rights” “movement for freedom and rights” Ito Hirobumi, led a group to Europe to study political systems Ito Hirobumi, led a group to Europe to study political systems Prime Minister of Japan In office 22 December 1885 – 30 April 1888

13. The Restoration Legacy The rise of nationalism The rise of nationalism rising importance of military affairs rising importance of military affairs march to modernity march to modernity Itagaki Taisuke was attacked by thug in Gifu. And, he said "Itagaki may die, but liberty never!"

14. Read and Answer What cultural beliefs and attitudes allowed Japan to industrialize so quickly? What cultural beliefs and attitudes allowed Japan to industrialize so quickly? How does this compare to Russian industrialization? How does this compare to Russian industrialization? Read: Read: The Samurai and their use of Bushido The Samurai and their use of Bushido Bushido: The Way of the Warrior Bushido: The Way of the Warrior

15. Read The Samurai and their use of Bushido The Samurai and their use of Bushido Bushido: The Way of the Warrior Bushido: The Way of the Warrior