1. Does a green or golden route to OA make any difference to … Institutional evaluation and assessment of researchers … ? Gunnar Sivertsen Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Higher Education

2. 2 A brief presentation and three critical questions A new CRIS development in Norway: Budgeting by bibliometrics … … raises three critical questions to golden OA: –Will the degree of access to publication channels (journals, series, book publishers) be distributed among them in the same order as their prestige? –What happens to the quality of research communication if only the producers of the contents pay the costs? –Can each of the institutions take over the role of their common international journals and publishers – and then be evaluated by the research output that they publish themselves?

3. 3 A new overall budgeting model for research in Norway’s Higher Education Sector Developed 2003-2004, introduced in 2005 Includes: –The four universities and forty other HE institutions –15,000 researchers –About 8,000 scholarly and scientific publications per year Effects: –Electronic ”stacks of publication lists” will be changed to searchable references, readable publications and analyzable data –There will be a macro incentive system connected to publications

4. 4 Data will be used for multiple purposes CRIS Reports and budgets on national level EvaluationsApplications Annual reports, websites Personal CV’s Bibliometric research Local budgets

5. 5 All scientific and scholarly publications will be covered ’ISI journals’ Other journals Other publi- cation types

6. 6 Bibliographic data sources will be applied as a supplement to individual reporting of publications.

7. 7 Authority records will standardize references for bibliographic search and bibliometric analysis. (Example: Part of the authority record for 14,000 journals) 0001-9887Africa Today 0001-9909African Affairs 1062-4783African American Review 0263-0338African Archaeological Review 0001-9933African Arts 1017-6772African Development Review-Revue africaine de developpement 0145-2258African Economic History 1021-3589African Entomology 1472-5843African Identities 1684-5315African Journal of Biotechnology 1021-9730African Journal of Crop Science 0141-6707African Journal of Ecology 1438-7890African Journal of Environmental Assessment and Management 1684-5378African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition 1015-8618African Journal of Neurological Sciences 0065-4000African Literature Today

8. 8 Additional information about publishers and access may be added to each journal title in the authority record ISSN Title Rank in budgeting system Publisher Copyright and subscription policy: Gold/Green/Red Subscription price per page/cite/use

9. 9 References may be linked to professional online bibliographies and to full text in OA journals, in self-archived documents, or in institutional archives

10. 10 Model for possible changes in the general publication pattern ABC No budgeting by bibliometrics Budgeting, no ranking Budgeting and ranking

11. 11 Prestige and quality - and/or OA? ( Two leading journals in astronomy publish 25 per cent of all articles in astronomy)

12. 12 Assessment and financing must rely on the quality of the procedures in the publication channels Editorial organization Authors Manu- scripts Publica- tions ReadersReviewers

13. 13 What does a good journal, series or book publisher provide? Relatively unbiased quality control and distribution of academic merits Peer review as an attractive activity, not only as an obligation or as paid work Copy editing and formatting by experts Editorial responsibility practiced in an open forum International and inter-institutional debate and consensus on scientific and scholarly standards and practices Openness on ethical standards and possible fraud

14. 14 Journals with and without subsidies Average number of subscribers to 91 internationally oriented Scandinavian journals (Break even at 700)

15. 15 The economy of subsidized journals and books Subsidies Subscription or sales revenue Editorial and publishing costs Printing and distribution

16. 16 Conclusion. Evaluation, assessment and funding of research is important to research policy From this perspective, a route that implies the following will probably not be chosen: Indifference with regard to the prestige of publication channels and the wider context of the peer review institution The idea that editing and publishing can be done at the institutional level rather than at the international level Full subsidies in the local producer end of research communication as an alternative to international market response If this makes the difference between them, the green route to OA is more realistic than the golden route