1. What is happening 'Free Access' 3. The Position of SPARC Raf Dekeyser

2. Preamble An example of OAI as CRIS Technical high school developed a project for a repository with support from the Flemish IWT (Institute for Science and Technology) The aim was not scholarly communication, but information for local industries about ongoing research (through theses) 2004: Fully operational (and OAI-compliant) Already in use at 2 schools, with plan for extension to all of them Local harvester will collect the data from all the schools

3. http://doks.khk.be/

8. What is happening 'Free Access' 3. The Position of SPARC Raf Dekeyser

9. In brief: Originally, SPARC was looking for solutions for the “serials crisis”, mainly through new (and cheaper) journals. Gradually, belief in Open Access has been growing and SPARC now strongly supports –Open access journals –Institutional repositories Many of its actions are now fostering new initiatives in these fields.

10. A short history of SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) 1998: « To publish and perish » (ARL & AAU): analysis of journal crisis + recommendations: –Change academic evaluation procedures (too quantitative and dependent on journals!) –Invest in electronic forms of scientific publication (+ role of societies for evaluation?) –Make libraries more price conscious –Try to get a grip on copyright June 1998: Launching of SPARC: –an alliance of universities, research libraries and organizations that seeks to serve ‘as a catalyst for action, helping to create systems that expand information dissemination and use in a networked digital environment…’ [  repository network??? ] –an attempt to introduce competition, change and alternative strategies into the market place. [  BMC, PLoS ???]

11. Under the umbrella of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Membership based: fees + moral obligation to subscribe to SPARC partner products. Original task: to make scientific journals affordable for average university library. First activities: Alternative journals support –Organic Chemistry Letters (  Tetrahedron Lett.) –Theory and Practice of Logic Programming –Publishing Partners: Bio-One 2001: Help in setting up SPARC Europe, originally under the umbrella of LIBER.

12. Organization SPARC Coordinating body Worldwide (non- Europe) Members European Members SPARC Steering Committee North American & European representation SPARC Europe Management Board SPARC Europe initiative ARLARL LIBERLIBER

13. Programs: "Create Change" (  scientists on editorial board of expensive journals!), "Declaring Independence",… Gradual shift in scope of activities: –From cheaper journals (Alternatives Program) –to open-access journals (Leading Edge Program) –to repositories (especially after OAIMHP) Present activities: –Publications –Workshops –Contributions to relevant activities of others

14. From an early SPARC communication:

15. Competition Constrains Price Alternative $2,609 SPARC Launch SPARC Launch Organic Letters Launch Organic Letters Launch $4,256 Saving

16. SPARC Titles Are Less Expensive Established Title Savings Oppty

18. From a recent SPARC communication:

22. Disaggregated system Scholarly publishing comprises four functions * : Disaggregated models: Allow functions to be fulfilled independently – Lower prices by increasing cost efficiency (* Roosendaal & Geurts) ARCHIVING Preserving research for future use AWARENESS Assuring accessibility of research CERTIFICATION Certifying the quality/validity of the research REGISTRATION Establishing intellectual priority

23. Institutional repositories supply basic step of initial registration Requires some formal control of the database How institutional repositories? ARCHIVING Preserving research for future use AWARENESS Assuring accessibility of research CERTIFICATION Certifying the quality/validity of the research REGISTRATION Establishing intellectual priority

24. Certification is necessary to validate registration Publication in an existing journal is one method, but various new mechanisms become possible How institutional repositories? ARCHIVING Preserving research for future use AWARENESS Assuring accessibility of research CERTIFICATION Certifying the quality/validity of the research REGISTRATION Establishing intellectual priority

25. How institutional repositories? Awareness services enabled by OAI- compliance & interoperability There is already proven evidence for increased awareness (number of citations) thanks to OA ARCHIVING Preserving research for future use AWARENESS Assuring accessibility of research CERTIFICATION Certifying the quality/validity of the research REGISTRATION Establishing intellectual priority

26. No final answer on archiving However, disaggregation helps put librarians — rather than journal publishers — in charge of digital archiving Legal deposit of e-documents? How institutional repositories? ARCHIVING Preserving research for future use AWARENESS Assuring accessibility of research CERTIFICATION Certifying the quality/validity of the research REGISTRATION Establishing intellectual priority

32. Why institutional repositories? For the Individual –Provide a central archive of their work –Increase the dissemination and impact of their research –Acts as a full CV For the Institution –Increases visibility and prestige –Acts as an advertisement to funding sources, potential new faculty and students, etc. For Society –Provide access to the world’s research –Ensures long-term preservation of institutes’ academic output They may coexist with subject oriented repositories!

40. Workshops Series of workshops on OAI at CERN, organized together with LIBER (and sponsored by OSI, JISC, ESF,...) OAI-1: The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and Peer Review Journals in Europe (March 2001) OAI-2: Gaining independence with e-prints archives and OAI (October 2002) OAI-3: Implementing the benefits of OAI (February 2004) (+ tutorials!) OAI-4: (October 2005)

42. http://www.sparceurope.org/