1. 802.16: Introduction Reference: [1] S.J. Vaughan-Nichols, “Achieving Wireless Broadband with WiMax,” IEEE Computer Vol.37, No.6, PP.10-13, June 2004. [2] IEEE Std 802.16-2004, “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” Oct. 2004. [3] N. Liu, X. Li, C. Pei, and B. Yang, “Delay Character of a Novel Architecture for IEEE 802.16 Systems,” Proceedings of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT 2005), PP.293-296, Dec.2005. [4] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems--Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands,” Feb. 2006. [5] C. Cicconetti,L. Lenzini,E. Mingozzi, and C. Eklund, “Qality of service support in IEEE 802.16 networks,” IEEE Network, Vol.20, No.2, PP-55, March-April 2006.

2. 2 802.16 Architecture

3. 3

4. 4 802.16 Architecture(cont.) Point-to-Multipoint Mesh mode

5. 5 802.16 Architecture(cont.)

6. 6 IEEE 802.16 extensions 802.16802.16a/d802.16e CompletedDec.2001802.16a: Jan. 2003 802.16d: Oct. 2004 802.16e: Feb. 2006 Spectrum10 to 66GHz< 11 GHz< 6GHz Channel ConditionsLine-of-sight only Non line-of sightNon line-of-sight Bit Rate 32 to 134 Mb/s at 28MHz channelization Up to 75 Mb/s at 20MHz channelization Up to 15 Mb/s at 5 MHz channelization MobilityFixedFixed and PortableMobility, regional Roaming Typical Cell Radius1 to 3 miles3 to 5 miles; Maximum range 30 miles 1 to 3 miles

7. 7 IEEE Std 802.16 Protocol Layering

8. 8 Service Specific Convergence Sublayer Functions –Provide transformation or mapping of external network data into MAC SDU for MAC CPS –Classify external network data and associate them to proper MAC service flow identifier (SFID) and connection id (CID) –Payload head suppression (optional) Two convergence sublayer specified –ATM convergence sublayer –Packet convergence sublayer

9. 9 MAC Common Part Sublayer Functions –System access –Bandwidth allocation –Connection establishment and maintenance with service flow Support point-to multipoint (PMP) and mesh modes Support ARQ scheme Dynamic uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) Flexible MAC with various scheduling schemes for real time, non-real time and best effort services

10. 10 Security Sublayer Functions –Authentication –Secure key exchange –Encryption Two component protocols –Encapsulation protocol for dataencryption –Privacy key management protocol (PKM)

11. 11 Physical Sublayer WirelessMAN-SC PHY –Single-carrier modulation –Tangeted for 10-66 GHz frequency band WirelessMAN-SCa PHY –Single-carrier modulation –Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS WirelessMAN-OFDM PHY –OFDM modulation with a FFT size of 256 –Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS –AAS and MIMO (also for OFDM-PHY) WirelessMAN-OFDMA PHY –OFDM modulation with scalable FFT sizes –Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS –Hybrid-ARQ –Fast-feedback mechanisms –Handover support

12. 12 802.16 PHY Introduction

13. 13 802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.) Support framing Support both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), as well as half-duplex FDD (H-FDD) Burst transmission format which support adaptive burst profiling –Transmission parameters, including the modulation and coding schemes (burst-profiles) –Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) and Uplink Channel Descriptor (UCD) –MAC management messages Downlink Map (DL-MAP) and Uplink Map (UL-MAP)

14. 14 802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.)

15. 15 802.16 QoS Type

16. 16 802.16 QoS Support

17. 17 802.16 QoS Support(cont.)

18. 18 802.16 Scheduling IEEE 802.16 PMP (Point-to-Multipoint) Internet BS SS Mesh Centralized Scheduling Distributed Scheduling Internet BS SS_A SS_B SS_CSS_D

19. BS SS B SS A SS C SS E SS D SS H SS I SS G SS F SS J SS K Internet SS J SS M Sender SS L SS J SS J SS M Sender Receiver MAC frame Bandwidth request Data flow MAC frame Centralized Congestion at BS 1 SS active per time slot Longer route Serious Delay

20. BS SS B SS A SS C SS E SS D SS H SS I SS G SS F SS J SS K Internet SS J SS M Sender SS L Distributed SS J SS J SS M Sender Receiver MAC frame Contention for bandwidth Data flow MAC frame 4 Larger signaling cost

21. 802.16 Mobility Management Middle Domain and Vertical Handoff Reference: [1]J. Y. Hu, and C.-C. Yang, "On the Design of Mobility Management Scheme for 802.16-based Network Environment," Proceedings of IEEE 62nd Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-2005 Fall), PP.25-28 Sept. 2005.

22. 22 Introduction GR: Gateway Router (Gateway of CIP or GFA of HMIP)

23. 23 Introduction (cont.)

24. 24 Introduction (cont.)

25. 25 Middle-domain Mobility Management Scheme

26. 26 Middle-domain Mobility Management Scheme (cont.)

27. 27 Performance Evaluation -Quantitative Analysis by Simulation(1)

28. 28 Performance Evaluation (cont.) -Quantitative Analysis by Simulation(2)

29. 29 802.16e : Mobile Version of 802.16 MH can connect to the BS directly. Cell Radius: 5KM Non-line-of-sight Bandwidth: 15Mbps

30. 30 Related Work: Traditional Overlay Networks Upper Layer Networks : larger coverage, lower bandwidth Lower Layer Networks: smaller coverage, higher bandwidth Upper Layer Networks Lower Layer Networks

31. 31 Horizontal & Vertical Handoff 23 1 1. Horizontal Handoff 2. Upward Vertical Handoff 3. Downward Vertical Handoff

32. 32 Coverage-based Handoff Triggering 2 3 1 Out of cell coverage, Upward Vertical Handoff As soon as received stronger signal strength from other cell in the same layer, Horizontal Handoff As soon as received the signal from lower layer, Downward Vertical Handoff Upper Layer Networks : With larger coverage size and lower bandwidth Lower Layer Networks : With smaller coverage size but higher bandwidth C B A

33. 33 Handoff Times (Total)

34. 34 Packet Loss (Total)

35. Quality of Service Framework, Routing, and Scheduling Reference: [1] J. Chen, W. Jiao, and H. Wang, “A service flow management strategy for IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access systems in TDD mode,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2005), Vol. 5, PP. 3422-3426, May 2005. [2]J. Chen, W. Jiao, and H. Wang, “An Integrated QoS Control Architecture for IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom 2005), Vol. 5, PP. 3330-3335, Nov.- Dec. 2005. [3]C.C. Yang, Y.T. Mai, and L.C. Tsai, “Cross-Layer QoS Support in the IEEE 802.16 Mesh Network,” Proceedings of 2006 Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC 2006), PP.567-571, La Jolla, San Diego, California, Sept. 2006.

36. 36 Introduction In IEEE 802.16 standard, scheduling algorithms for uplink and downlink bandwidth allocation in a single frame are undefined. There is no proposed bandwidth allocation solution considering uplink and downlink simultaneously.

37. 37 Service Flow Management DSA: Dynamic Service Addition DSC: Dynamic Service Change DSD: Dynamic Service Deletion

38. 38 The hierarchical structure of the BW allocation Hierarchical structure of bandwidth allocation DFPQ 1st Layer 2nd Layer 1. rtPS > nrtPS> BE 2. Downlink > Uplink 1. rtPS : EDF 2. nrtPS : WFQ 3. BE : RR

39. 39 Simulation Results (1)

40. 40 Simulation Results (2)

41. 41 Proposed Framework System Architecture QoS Parameter Extraction Centralized Route Selection with QoS Support Flow Setup QoS Scheduling

42. 42 System Architecture

44. 44 Avg. delay and variation by service type with flow data rate 5Mbps

45. 45 Average Throughput Avg. throughput with flow data rate 5Mbps

46. 46 Average Signaling Cost Gain Proposed vs. Centralized-38.11% Proposed vs. Distributed-76.95%