1. Come and see (ehi-passika) Buddha invites you to come and see but not to come and believe!

2. Expressions of the enlightened  i. The dustless and stainless Eye of Truth (dhamma-cakkhu) has arisen.  ii. He has seen Truth… known T, penetrated into…cross over doubt  iii. He sees it as it is with right wisdom dustless- 不起污塵的 stainless- 不鏽的

3. Buddha on his own Enlightenment The eye was born (cakkhum udapadi) Knowledge was born (gnanam udapadi) Wisdom was born (panna udapadi) Science was born (vijja udapadi) Light was born (aloko udapadi) （眼生、智生、慧生、明生、光生） ( 轉法輪經 )

4. Buddha and Kapathika K: Concerning the holy scriptures, the Brahmins hold : “This alone is truth, and everything else is false.” B: Is there someone who claims that personlly knows and sees: “This alone is truth, and everything else is false?”

5. K: No. B: At least a teacher back to the seventh generation? K: No. B: Then it is like a line of bind men, each holding onto the preceding one; Generation- 一代 hold on to- 緊抓 Preceding- 前面的

6. the first one does not see, the middle one also does not see, the last one also does not see. (explain grammar: neither …nor) It seems that the brahmins state is similar to a line of blind men!

7. How to protect Truth B: One cannot conclude as: “ This alone is truth, and everything else is false.” A man has a faith. If he says: “ This is my faith”, so far he maintains truth. By that he cannot conclude: “ This alone is…”

8.  It acceptable if one says he/she likes this or that faith or belief.

9. Buddha’s position: “To be attached to one thing (to a certain view) and to look down upon other things (views) as inferior – this the wise men call a fetter” Attached to - 執著 View - 見解 Inferior- 低劣的 Fetter- 束縛

10. Buddha advises on view Once the Buddha gave a sermon on the theory of cause and effect and they said that they saw it and understood clearly. Buddha’s response was: ‘ O, monks, even this view, pure and clear, if you cling to it…if you are attached to it,

11. Simile of raft Then you do not understand that the teaching is similar to a raft, which is for crossing over, not for getting hold of.’ Simile- 比喻、明喻 Raft – 筏 Cross over- 渡過

12. Simile in detail A man is on a journey. He meets very wide river. This bank is dangerous but the other is safe. There is no boat to cross the water. He decides to make a raft. He gathers grass, wood, branches etc and makes a raft. Finally he crosses of by means of the raft.

13. After crossing he thinks: It would be good if I carry this raft on my head or on my back wherever I go” B: Is this the proper ( 恰當的 ) way to act towards the raft? After crossing over he thinks: It would be good if I beach or leave it floating and go on my way.

14. Emphasis on simile In the same manner, O bhikkhus, I have taught a doctrine similar to raft—it is for crossing over, and not for carrying.

15. Give up dhamma ! You, O bhikkhus, who understand that the teaching is similar to a raft,  should give up even good things (dhamma) how much more then should you give up evil things (adhamma) ! give up 放棄

16. Simile of simsapa leaves This story emphasizes that the purpose of Buddhas teaching not to merely satisfy the intellectual curiosity but to end suffering. So, Buddha’s teaching was limited to fulfill the need of eradicating suffering. He was not interested in metaphysical questions.

17. Makunkyaputta and Buddha M: These problems were unexplained and rejected by the Blessed One. i. Is the universe eternal ? ( 永恆 的 ) ii. Is it not eternal ? Iii. Is the universe finite ? ( 有限 ) Iv. Is it infinite? ( 無限 ) Universe: 宇宙

18. V. Is soul same as the body ? ( 靈魂 ) Vi. Is soul one thing and body another? Vii. Does the Tathagata exist after death? Viii. Does he not exist after death? Ix. Exist and not exist after death? X. Does he both not exist and not not- exist? Exist- 存在

19. Buddha on ten questions If somebody says that he would not lead the holy life under the Buddha until he explains these questions He may die with these questions unanswered by the Tathagata.

20. Simile of poisoned arrow A person is hit by a poisoned arrow,yet does not allow treatments until he gets answers for his certain questions. Before the questions are answered the person would die.

21. Purpose of Holy life It is not dependent on these views. The purpose is to seek solutions to cease suffering in this very life !