1. INTO DEEP ICE What does the future hold for Earth’s ice? (IEEE Spectrum | December 2005| NA) ECE 695 Alkesh Patel & Hemant Patel

2. Introduction History Glacier expansion Glacier expansion Glacier movement & shrinkage Glacier movement & shrinkage Ice on Earth Glacial current situation Glacial current situation Glacial future Glacial future

3. Mission To understand The Weather pattern of the Earth The Weather pattern of the Earth Glacier response to different climate scenarios Glacier response to different climate scenarios Importance of wireless devices Understanding the glacier response to different climate scenarios Understanding the glacier response to different climate scenarios Collect real time data to develop climate models Collect real time data to develop climate models

4. Tools Sealed Probe Circuit BoardRadio Transceiver 64 KB Memory, RF Transceiver 433 MHz @ 2mWatts 16-bit microcontroller & Real time clock IC Base Station

5. Technology Computer simulation to create model ice- mass motion Record environmental observations Temperature Temperature Pressure Pressure Electrical Resistivity Electrical Resistivity

6. Challenges – Tech Expedition Data Packet lost Packet lost Corrupted data Corrupted data Data synchronization Data synchronizationModeling Glacier activity model Glacier activity model Climate model Climate modelTransportation Commute to research site Commute to research site Heavy tools – drilling machinery Heavy tools – drilling machinery

7. Mobile Networking - Pros Convenience No wires No wires Easier networking between probes Easier networking between probes Better than traditional wired instruments Useful to study volcanic activities and early warning system Tsunami detection

8. Mobile Networking - Cons Power 3.6V Lithium battery – life 3.6V Lithium battery – life Restricted use of Probes – 6 times a day Restricted use of Probes – 6 times a dayCost Mobile devices Mobile devicesDistance Transmission range Transmission range Data transfer speed Data transfer speed Data transmission water vs. ice

9. Future Improvement Making probes exchange data among themselves Ad hoc mesh network Helps transmit the data if probe is out of the range from receiver Helps transmit the data if probe is out of the range from receiver Allow probe to report their location Allow probe to report their location

10. Conclusion Precise prediction of what Earth’s ice will do in future?! Development of Mobile Communication Safety – Alarm system for natural disasters Questions