1. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Deuterium inventory in the full tungsten divertor of ASDEX Upgrade K. Sugiyama, M. Mayer, V. Rohde, R. Neu, A. Wiltner, Th. Dürbeck, S. Lindig, T. Höschen, M. Balden, H. W. Müller and ASDEX Upgrade team

2. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 2 W divertor in 2007 campaign W-coated divertor 3 ~ 4 µm PVD-W (except the outer target) 200 µm VPS-W (outer target) Langmuir probes (PCW) in outer divertor Total discharge time: 2620 s No Boronization No H discharges in the end of campaign VPS-W-coated (200  m) graphite Langmuir probes (polycrystalline bulk W) Outer divertor target tiles

3. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 3 Post-mortem analysis 3 He + Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) 2.5 MeV: amount of D (depth info. ~ 3 µm in W), over the whole divertor region 0.69 - 4.0 MeV energy scan: D depth profiling up to ~ 6 µm, some specific points Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS) Qualitative D depth profiling: available for beyond 6 µm depth Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) Determination of the amount of D (including bulk)

4. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 4 Poloidal D distribution 2.5 MeV 3 He + NRA (depth info. ~ 3 µm): scanning along the poloidal direction 6A6A 6B6B 5 4 9A9A 9B9B9C9C 9D9D 10 1 2 3A3A 3B3B 6A6A6B6B549A9A9B9B9C9C9D9D 123A3A3B3B D distribution is similar to the C distribution on the divertor surface.

5. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 5 0 123456 Depth [  m] Deuterium inventory in the inner divertor Graphite substrate PVD-W layer D depth profiling by NRA 3 He + energy scanning method (0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV : depth info. ~ 6 µm) S = 0.052 m Graphite substrate Deposition PVD-W layer S = 0.507 m

6. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 6 TDS result (D in bulk) Deuterium inventory in the inner divertor M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 S = 0.436 – 0.456 m S = 0.022 – 0.042 m PVD-W (3 ~ 4  m) coated tile: Good agreement with NRA data D inventory in inner divertor is dominated by the codeposition with carbon.

7. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 7 D, NRA (< 3  m) D, NRA (< 6  m) D, NRA (< 3  m) D, NRA (< 6  m) D depth profiling by NRA 3 He + energy scanning method (0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV : depth info. ~ 6 µm) Deuterium inventory in the outer divertor S = 1.604 m Graphite substrate PVD-W layer S = 1.151 m S = 1.082 m VPS-W layer

8. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 8 Deuterium inventory in the outer divertor VPS-W (200 mm) coated tile: the amount of D is higher than NRA data by a factor of ~ 3. TDS result (D in bulk) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) S = 1.670 – 1.690 m M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) M=3 (HD) M=4 (D 2 ) 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1.0 S = 1.107 – 1.127 m (VPS-W)

9. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 9 D in Langmuir Probes (NRA) 3 He + NRA 0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV energy scan: depth info. ~ 6 µm The amount of D in < 6  m depth was about one order of magnitude less than that of VPS-W layer.

10. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 10 TDS result (D in bulk) D in Langmuir Probes (TDS) 20 mm Plasma- exposed surface Langmuir probe (Polycrystalline bulk W): The amount of retained D was 2 order of magnitude higher than NRA data. ￫ Nonnegligible D accumulation in the bulk Depth [mm] D concentration [%]

11. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 11 Comparison with lab-experiments 200eV D ￫ PCW (R.T.) 200eV D ￫ VPS-W (R.T.) 100% retention AUG outer target tiles (200  m VPS-W): TDS AUG Langmuir probes (PCW): TDS VPS-W: A.V. Golubeva et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 837 (2006) 12 PCW: O. Ogorodnikova et al., J. Appl.Phys. 103 (2008) 034902

12. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 12 Concluding remarks D inventory in full-W divertor ￭ Distribution (~ 3 um in depth) on the W divertor was similar to the C distribution. ￭ D inventory in the inner divertor was dominated by codeposition with C -> D retention in the inner divertor decreased by factor of 5 - 10 compared to full carbon AUG due to the decrease of codeposition with C (& B in this campaign) ￭ D accumulation in VPS-W D inventory in the outer divertor D retention in the near surface layer of VPS-W layer was higher than that of polycrystalline W (Langmuir probe) by factor of 10 ~ 20. D accumulation in the bulk: ￭ PVD-W (3 ~ 4  m) coated tile: good agreement with NRA data (~ 6  m) ￫ No significant D accumulation in the bulk (graphite substrate) ￭ VPS-W (200  m) coated tile: higher than NRA data (~ 6  m) by a factor of ~ 3 ￭ PCW (20 mm) Langmuir probe: higher than NRA data (~ 6  m) by a factor of ~ 200 ￫ Nonnegligible D accumulation in the bulk

13. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 13 Annex

14. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 14 AUG divertor: Evolution of D inventory All-W machine Decrease of total D-inventory by factor 5 ~ 10 from C-dominated to all-W (by the decrease of C and B) D-inventory in outer target tile is dominated by trapping in VPS-layers. M. Mayer et al. PSI 2008

15. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 15 TDS spectrum (Langmuir probe) 0.5 K/s

16. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 16 Langmuir Probes SEM observation Only a few blisters were observed

17. K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 17 Carbon deposition on the inner divertor tile