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R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20101 Flavour-specific asymmetry and LHCb Robert W. Lambert On behalf of the LHCb collaboration.

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Presentation on theme: "R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20101 Flavour-specific asymmetry and LHCb Robert W. Lambert On behalf of the LHCb collaboration."— Presentation transcript:

1 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20101 Flavour-specific asymmetry and LHCb Robert W. Lambert On behalf of the LHCb collaboration

2 Introduction  D  exclusive asymmetryhep-ex 0904.3907hep-ex 0904.3907  D  Inclusive asymmetryhep-ex 1005.2757hep-ex 1005.2757  What can we do at LHCb? R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20102

3 Literature  Reading material:  LHCb –CERN-LHCb-2007-054Public note from old Monte CarloCERN-LHCb-2007-054 –CERN-THESIS-2008-045Paul’s ThesisCERN-THESIS-2008-045 –CERN-THESIS-2009-001Rob’s ThesisCERN-THESIS-2009-001 –CERN-THESIS-2010-076Ken’s ThesisCERN-THESIS-2010-076  Theory –hep-ph 0406300 U. Nierstehep-ph 0406300 –hep-ph 0612167 [JHEP]A. Lenz, U. Nierstehep-ph 0612167[JHEP] –hep-ph 0605028 [PRL]Y. Grossman et al.hep-ph 0605028[PRL] –hep-ph 0604112 [PRL] Z. Ligeti et al.hep-ph 0604112[PRL]  Other measurements –hep-ex 0505017[PRD]Bellehep-ex 0505017[PRD] –hep-ex 0202041[PRL]Babarhep-ex 0202041[PRL] –hep-ex 0101006[PRL]Cleohep-ex 0101006[PRL] –Note 9015CDF inclusiveNote 9015 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20103

4 Outline 1.Theory.. from an experimentalist 2.Experimental Status 3.Complications at LHCb 4.Why LHCb? 5.Measurements at LHCb 6.Real data highlights 7.Outlook and Prospects 8.Conclusions R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20104

5  Flavour-specific decays  Favoured/Allowed  Not allowed at tree  Through mixing  Flavour specific asymmetry, a fs, parameterises CPV in mixing R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20105 Flavour-specific asym.

6 The whole shebang  Three different parameters fully constrain b-mixing  a fs is very small in the standard model R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 20106

7 Discovery Potential  a fs is sensitive to new physics (NP):  Sensitive to loop contributions  Sensitive to new CPV phases  If we allow a single NP phase in the mixing  R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 2010 ? 7

8 Discovery Potential  a fs is sensitive to new physics (NP):  Sensitive to loop contributions  Sensitive to new CPV phases  If we allow a single NP phase in the mixing  R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 2010 ? 8

9  a fs is sensitive to new physics (NP):  Sensitive to loop contributions  Sensitive to new CPV phases  If we allow a single NP phase in the mixing   Up to 200-times the SM... but... (4x10 -3 )< D  measurement Discovery Potential R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 2010 ? 9

10 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201010 Experimental Status

11 B-factories  Babar, Belle, Cleo all use the di-muon sample  Know the initial state  (4S)  Time-integrated number-counting of di-muons  Possible muon detector asymmetry is important to measure R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201011 b b c  c b  hep-ph 0605028

12 Exclusive measurement  D  have also made an exclusive measurement  Search for the full decay chain in the data  Requires full reconstruction  Flavour-tagging provides extra information Lower and more easily understood backgrounds xExtra detector asymmetry xLower statistics R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201012 BsBs BsBs Ds+Ds+  hep-ex 0904.3907

13 CDF Inclusive  CDF use only the di-muon sample  Don’t know the initial state (pp)  Time-integrated number-counting  Possible muon detector asymmetry is important to measure R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201013 b b c  c b  Note 9015

14 New D  inclusive R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201014 b b c  c b   D  used primarily the di-muon sample  Don’t know the initial state (pp)  Time-integrated number-counting  Possible muon detector asymmetry is important to measure hep-ex 1005.2757

15 New D  inclusive  Key Systematics (it’s difficult to be inclusive!)  Kaons decaying in-flight  Punch-through of hadrons to muons  Key methods  Rely on real data, cross-check with well-tuned Monte Carlo  Use the inclusive single muon sample to get extra information  Reverse magnets to remove most detector asymmetry  Do many many cross-checks in different phase-space regions  Result, 3.2  ! R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201015 hep-ex 1005.2757

16 Summary  Before the New D  Inclusive Measurement  A lot of measurements  All consistent with SM +/- 1%  The New D  Inclusive Measurement  First evidence of departure from the SM  Statistics-limited, so may improve over the next year  A lot of theory interest, so, how will LHCb help? ... The situation is significantly more complicated... R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201016

17 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201017 Complications

18 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201018 The simple formula 10 -3 -> 10 -5

19 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201019 The simple formula  Polluting asymmetries are much larger than a fs  Detector asymmetry  c ~(10 -2 )  Production asymmetry  p ~(10 -2 )  Background asymmetry  b ~(10 -3 ) 10 -2 10 -3 10 -3 -> 10 -5 Very Complicated

20 LHCb R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201020

21 Detector Asymmetry,  c  Matter detector  hadronic interactions are asymmetric  Magnet divides +/- charge, allowing +/- detector asymmetry  We need to reverse the magnet regularly R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201021 MC Asymmetry in Muons LeftRight +ve-ve After 4Tm Magnet Kaon PDG cross-section PDG 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.11101001000 momentum in lab frame P lab / GeVc hadronic cross-section / mb. K-, p K+, p Kaon interaction cross-section K - p K + p

22 LHC R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201022  An amazing machine  Unfortunately also not CP symmetric

23 Production Asymmetry,  p  LHC is a proton-proton collider: not CP-symmetric  LHCb is at high rapidity where production asymm. are largest  There is never a simple control channel to measure  p R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201023  p (B 0 and B 0 ) Valence Quark Scattering P YTHIA Explicitly asymmetric at LHC

24 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201024 Why LHCb?

25  LHCb is a dedicated, precision, b-physics experiment  More statistics: we’re in the forward region, and at LHC R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201025

26 Being Timely  Proper Time: LHCb Velo precise down to 35 fs! R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201026

27 Being Precise  Particle ID: separation handled by dedicated subdetectors  Two RICHes, Calorimetry and Muon system R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201027 RICH 1 (Vertical) RICH 2 (Horizontal) MAGNET TT T1-T3

28 Being Exclusive  Our forte: exclusive, reconstructed, b-decays  In particular, time-dependent measurements R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201028 Monte-Carlo! ~100k D s in 5 fb -1 ~100k D s in 0.05 fb -1

29 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201029 Measurements

30  Inclusive  Exclusive  Subtraction method combine and R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201030

31 Inclusive at LHCb  Channel  Measured by D  (see earlier)  Complications  Physics!  Production asymmetry: N(b)≠N(anti-b) [in acceptance]  P YTHIA predicts  p (b) =  Mitigating factors  None, difficult to interpret this measurement R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201031 ~10 8 per fb -1

32 Inclusive at LHCb  Channel  Measured by D  (see earlier)  Complications  Physics!  Production asymmetry: N(b)≠N(anti-b) [in acceptance]  P YTHIA predicts  p (b) =  Mitigating factors  None, difficult to interpret this measurement R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201032 ~10 8 per fb -1

33 Hadronic at LHCb  Channel R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201033 ~10 5 per fb -1 CERN-THESIS-2008-045 CERN-LHCb-2007-017 Monte-Carlo!

34 Hadronic at LHCb  Channel  Measures  Complications  Must fix either  c or  p in the fit – (  b can be fit beforehand)  Mitigating factors  Detector asymmetry small ~10 -4  Fit a fs and  p. – With excellent proper time resolution (35 fs) R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201034 CERN-THESIS-2008-045 CERN-LHCb-2007-054 ~10 5 per fb -1

35 Hadronic at LHCb  Channel  Measures  Complications  Must fix either  c or  p in the fit – (  b can be fit beforehand)  Mitigating factors  Detector asymmetry small ~10 -4  Fit a fs and  p. – With excellent proper time resolution (35 fs) R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201035 CERN-THESIS-2008-045 CERN-LHCb-2007-054 ~10 5 per fb -1

36 Semi-leptonic  Channel (q = s/d) R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201036 ~10 6 per fb -1 CERN-LHCb-2007-054 Monte-Carlo!

37 Semi-leptonic  Channel (q = s/d)  Measures  Complications  Missing neutrino makes proper-time resolution worse (≥120 fs?)  Detector asymmetry large and difficult to measure  Mitigating factors  Lots of statistics, but this makes  c even more important R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201037 CERN-LHCb-2007-054 ~10 6 per fb -1

38 Semi-leptonic  Channel (q = s/d)  Measures  Complications  Missing neutrino makes proper-time resolution worse (≥120 fs?)  Detector asymmetry large and difficult to measure  Mitigating factors  Lots of statistics, but this makes  c even more important R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201038 CERN-LHCb-2007-054 ~10 6 per fb -1

39 The subtraction method  Take B s /B d with the same final states ( =KK  ) Background asymmetry: 2D fit in mass spectra Production asymmetry: fit with proper-time dependence Detector asymmetry: the same in each decay…  Do a simultaneous time-dependent fit  Measure the difference between B s and B d  Very comparible to the D  measurement, but orthogonal to it! R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201039

40 The subtraction method  Take B s /B d with the same final states ( =KK  ) Background asymmetry: 2D fit in mass spectra Production asymmetry: fit with proper-time dependence Detector asymmetry: the same in each decay…  Do a simultaneous time-dependent fit  Measure the difference between B s and B d  Very comparible to the D  measurement, but orthogonal to it! R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201040

41 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201041 Real data highlights

42 R Lambert, CERN42CERN CPV, 18th June 2010 -- PV SV TV BsBs Ds+Ds+       EVT: 49700980 RUN: 70684 LHCb Preliminary mm Real Data B s ~800  b -1

43 R Lambert, CERN43CERN CPV, 18th June 2010 PV SV BdBd D+D+       TV -- EVT: 141526660 RUN: 70666 LHCb Preliminary mm Real Data B d ~800  b -1

44 All D (s) ->KK  R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201044 n.b. Selection with no requirement for a muon (need ~40 nb -1 ) ~2.6 nb -1

45 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201045 Sensitivities and Outlook

46 Sensitivity estimates  Full MC used to tune toy MC  Massive toy MC studies done in:  CERN-LHCb-2007-054 CERN-LHCb-2007-054  CERN-THESIS-2008-045 CERN-THESIS-2008-045  CERN-THESIS-2009-001 CERN-THESIS-2009-001  Scaled to:  Latest Monte Carlo efficiencies   (bb) = 500  b R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201046 Stat. Error (500  b) 100 pb -1 1fb -1 a fs s (D s  ) 2.1 x10 -2 6.8 x10 -3  A fs (D q  ) 2.0 x10 -3 6.3 x10 -4 All MC predictions!! Real data will be worse

47 Current Results R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201047 fs

48 After 1fb -1 of LHCb R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201048 Assume A b central value and no NP in B d fs

49 c.f. J/   R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201049 hep-ph 0612167   Directly Measure sin  s   (  s ) = 0.05 c in 1 fb -1   Effectively Measures   (  ) = 0.5 c in 1 fb -1  But they constrain NP differently  Effective power enhanced  NB physical limit of a fs is at 4x10 -3 < current D  result! Current measurements (pre D0 paper) Red :  m s Yellow:  s Black:  s Blue: a fs

50 Combining D  R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201050

51 D  and CDF  -2  s =  s R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201051 FPCP 2010

52 D  and CDF  (add my own personal merging) R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201052 FPCP 2010

53 Conclusion  D  have made an astounding new measurement (3.2  !)  At LHCb the environment is more hostile, concentrate on: Low detector asymmetry, great proper time resolution Detector and production asymmetries fitted with the data R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201053 Stat. Error (500  b) 100 pb -1 1fb -1 a fs s (D s  ) 2.1 x10 -2 6.8 x10 -3  A fs (D q  ) 2.0 x10 -3 6.3 x10 -4 from All MC predictions!! Real data will be worse (a) (b)

54 End  Backups are often required R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201054

55 Cereal loops R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201055 Now in bitesize-chunks! Act now and get your first 10 5 decays free! New Physics in special boxes! A fs  and  m s in every box! Two exciting flavours!

56 Nomenclature  A decay to a given state which cannot be reached by the anti- flavour state (at tree level) = flavour-specific  CP-violating asymmetry in mixing, manifests directly in flavour-specific decays = A fs /a fs flavour-specific asymmetry  Since this is most readily observed in semi-leptonic decays it is also referred to as A sl  a final state of given flavour. its charge conjugate. R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201056

57 After 1fb -1 of LHCb R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201057  LHCb measurement cuts at right-angles  really depends what the value is, and if there is NP! current favoured value A b central value and no NP in Bd

58 Detector Asymmetry,  c  Magnet divides +/- charge, allowing +/- asymmetry  by reversing magnet in D0:  c reduced from 3% -> ~0.1% R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201058 Asymmetry from Long Muon Tracks Reconstructed in MC LeftRight -ve+ve LeftRight +ve-ve Before 4Tm MagnetAfter 4Tm Magnet

59 Detector Asymmetry,  c  Matter detector  hadronic interactions are asymmetric  Dominant systematic at order 1% R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201059 Kaon PDG cross-section PDG 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.11101001000 momentum in lab frame P lab / GeVc hadronic cross-section / mb. K-, p K+, p Kaon interaction cross-section K - p K + p Resultant charge asymmetry (MC)

60 Systematics (1)  1.Detector asymmetry Expect second order, so < 10 -4 Know the magnitude in real data from the pi momentum spectra Detect any bias by binning in momentum Correct with MC: Assuming the magnet is reversed!! 2.Production asymmetry Separate using the time-dependence Detect large bias from this by binning in eta Measure production asymmetry, possible but very coarse 3.Background asymmetry Fit simultaneously, simply, in the B-mass spectrum R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201060

61 Systematics (2)  1.Detector asymmetry only second order, so < 10 -4 Know the magnitude in real data from the daughter momenta Detect any bias by binning in momentum Correct with MC: Assuming the magnet is reversed!! 2.Production asymmetry Separate using the time-dependence Detect large bias from this by binning in eta Measure in can help quantify any bias 3.Background asymmetry Suppressed by the effective B/S < 0.1, in the signal region Fit simultaneously, 2D fit, in the B-mass and D-mass spectra Cancel detector-related part also, only production remains Detect bias by binning in eta R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201061

62 The subtraction method  Take B s /B d with the same final states ( =KK  )  All production asymmetry is in x 2 /x 3, just throw it away  Measure the difference between B s and B d R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201062

63 Subtraction method  Channel (q = s/d)  Measures  Complications  Requires weak constraints on  and  m  Mitigating factors  Production asymmetry fit simultaneously  Detector asymmetry cancelled R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201063 CERN-THESIS-2009-001 CERN-LHCb-2007-054

64 R Lambert, CERNCERN CPV, 18th June 201064 Production Asymmetry  Tuned Pythia samples *=standard decays, †=Stable Bd+Bs  Asymmetries agree with generic bb events  p x1000 Min Bias (10M)*bb – inclusive (10M)* (20M) † Pions-(4.23 ± 0.16)-(2.16 ± 0.09)-(2.27 ± 0.07) Kaons-(17.0 ± 0.5)-(7.73 ± 0.26)-(8.2 ± 0.2) Muons--+(2.0 ± 1.2)+(1.0 ± 0.9) Ds---(1.6 ± 1.1) Bs---(1.9 ± 1.3)-(1.5 ± 0.8) Bd---(3.2 ± 0.7)-(3.2 ± 0.4)

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