1. Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg

2. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass CONTENT 1 Wood resource balance – woody biomass overview 2 Resources flows 3 Resources flow developments 4 Sustainability and carbon sequestration in resources 22.02.20142

3. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass sources uses industrial roundwood (logs) 416 469 material use 358 energy uses other forest wood and bark 110 chips, particles & residues 120 other woody biomass 158 balancing adjustment 23 total 827 total Wood resource balance - overview Wood resource balance Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³(e)) 2007 - actual use Source: Mantau / Steierer / Hetsch /Prins (2008) ; Steierer (2009) Round wood equivalent m³(e) (solid cubic meter equivalent): How much solid cubic meter of wood is transfered from one sector to another? 22.02.2014 3 1

4. Mantau: Stoffliche und energetische Verwendung sources uses logs 416 195 sawmill industry other coarse wood forest rest wood 100 180 pulp industry 78 panel industry bark 10 16 other material uses + ) woody biom. outside forest *) 14 12 wood based fuel industry **) chips, particles & residues 120 346 black liquor*) 75 biomass power plants post consumer wood 55 private households energy products **) 14 other energy uses ++ ) balancing adjustment 23 total 827 total 43% energetische Nutzung 1 65 % primary wood fibre *) e.g. landscape care wood and short rotation plantations; **) e.g. pellets, briquettes; +) e.g. veneer, insulating boards Source: Steierer (2009) Euwood-project State of the Art report 22.02.20144 Wood resource balance - overview Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³) 2007 - actual use

5. 30.05.20085 sources uses [ mio. m³] industrial Roundwood100 sawmill industrys industrial Roundwood - unrep. 20 panel industry fuelwood – JFSQ 10 pulp industry fuelwood – unrep.other physical utilization bark 10 wood fuel industry used logging residues 5 power and heat woody biomass outside forest 4 industrial internal chips, particles & residues 40 5 private households pulp production co-products 4 undifferentiated energy use recovered wood processed wood fuel 10 total sources in example: 154 100% 100% 154 total uses Wood resource balance - overview Cascade uses - example cascade factor of wood resource balance for Europe on primary biomass: 1,53 2

6. Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance 08-03-166 Calculation of real cuttings based on utilized amounts Germany in M m³ (2005) Energy plants > 1MW 0.840 1.2% Energy plants < 1MW 3.463 4.9% households 14.214 20.3% Recorded availability (RA) 56.946 77.8% Total availability (TA) 73.204 100.0% Unrecorded availability (UA) 16.258 22.2% Change in Stock (CiS) -0.036 0.0% Import (Im) 2.820 3.9% Export (Ex) 6.070 8.3% Calc. domestic availability (CDA) 69.990 100.0% Pulp industry 6.184 8.8% Panel industry 7.470 10.7% Sawmill industry 37.234 53.2% Other material uses *) 0.585 0.8% Other energy uses 0.000 0.0% Resource flows TA = CDA + (Ex – Im) + ΔCiSUA = TA - RA Consumption (CDA) = (RA + UA) + (Im – Ex) + ΔCiS where (RA = production when UA = 0) 2

7. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 3 22.02.20147 Source: Mantau, Szenarien 2008-2012 Resource flow developments For time series of traditional resource flows official statistics are normally quite useful Example for Germany in M m³

8. Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance 08-03-168 Creating time series in undocumented sectors (e.g. energy uses of woody biomass) Few empirical information – many assumtions solution: openess in assumptions S OURCE : M ANTAU, U.; S ÖRGEL, C.; W EIMAR, H.; (2007): Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland, Bestandaufnahme 1987 bis 2005, Hamburg, 2007, 66 S. assortment share in % Resource flow developments 3

9. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 22.02.20149 Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Resource flow developments 3 Energy uses in M m³ - example Germany

10. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Comparison of net anual increment forest growth with consumtion transfered in net annual increment. (Yearly calculations are a bit problematic because of data accuracy.) 22.02.201410 Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Sustainability (natural production)

11. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Comparison of gross anual increment forest growth with other changes (mortality, land use) and consumtion (m³ NAI) 22.02.201411 Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Sustainability (natural production)

12. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Wood resource stream analysis from forest to use and disposal 22.02.201412 Source: MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI, B.: Stoffstrom-Modell- Holz, 2005, nach KIBAT, K. D. Carbon sequestration

13. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Carbon sequestration effects of woody biomass uses in Germany (1993-2012) Source: Mantau, U. (2009): Wachsende Bedeutung der CO2-Speicherung in der Holzverwendung, AFZ-Der Wald, 16/2009, S 885, 886 Carbon sequestration 4

14. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Conclusions The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) is a tool to document an overview on all relevant sources and uses of a resource. Data availability of new sources and new uses is the biggest challenge in calculating a wood resource balance. Until better statistical documentation of theses markets time series can be derived on assumtions as long as they are openly documented. 22.02.201414

15. Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Conclusions The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) can be uses as a monitoring system for sustainability of the natural reserves of a resource. Depending on the existence of end use studies and disposal statistics it is furthermore a tool for calculation carbon sequestration in woody biomass uses on the basis of empirical, actual data. 22.02.201415

16. Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg