1. The Battery Sam Sagan

2. The Need People needed a source of electricity to power portable devises. The energy source had to be durable, long-lasting, and small.

3. History Devises called Leyden jars which consisted of silver foil that held a charge Multiple Leyden jars were put together to hold a greater charge. Benjamin Franklin first coined the term “battery” for multiple Leyden jars put together.

4. Alternate Solutions There were no alternative solutions because the only devise that was used at the time to store energy was the Leyden jar.

5. Innovations The Galvanic cell was an early form of current batteries. –It used combinations of chemicals and metals connected by a bridge of porous material. Multiple Galvanic cells were stacked together to form what is known as a voltaic pile. –These devises were unreliable so they could not be used for portable devises.

6. Innovations (Cont…) The Daniel cell, which was made in 1836, was the first wet cell battery, which is a battery that uses liquids in glass containers. –These devises were very fragile but produced a consistent charge. By the end of 19th century, dry cell batteries were made using a paste instead of liquid. –These devises were very durable and they still produced a consistent charge.

7. Results of Invention The battery allowed for the use of all the portable electronic devises that existed then and exist now.

8. Primary (non-rechargeable) Batteries ChemistryCell Voltage Energy Density [MJ/kg] Zinc–carbon1.5.13 Zinc chloride1.5 Alkaline1.5.4-.59 Oxy nickel hydroxide 1.7 Lithium3.0.83-1.01 Mercury oxide1.35 Zinc–air1.35-1.651.59 Silver oxide1.55.47

9. Manufacturing Facility

10. Quality Control Batteries have to adhere to the standards put in place by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and other standards organizations.

11. Today’s Batteries Batteries only got smaller, more efficient, and cheaper from the 19 th century. There are now many types of batteries utilizing many types of chemicals.

12. Disposal Thrown out as solid waste or material is salvaged in battery recycling.