1. A Cost-Effective Tracking Method in the Healthcare Field James Fasoline Michael Kilgarriff Stephen Miller John Mullen Danielle Siegel Team # 74 Tuesday, October 06, 2015 Technical Advisor: Professor Timothy Kurzweg

2. Overview Problem Background Project Goals Initial Research Proposed Solution Conclusion

3. Problem Background Hospitals Babies Nursing Homes Alzheimer’s Left: http://www.assistedservicesinc.com/serv02.htm

4. Alzheimer’s Disease 4.5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s 5% of people 65-74 50% of people over 85 60% of Alzheimer’s patients get lost during their illness Right: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/wrigglesworth/brainimaging.htm

5. Project Goals Develop Tracking System –Cost-effective –Reliable –Redundant –Minimal Interference Right: http://www.100thpenn.com/colmaxwellmuseum.htm

6. Initial Research Global Positioning System (GPS) Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) WiFi (802.11) Radio Frequency Identification Left: http://www.maptech.com/products/outdoornavigator/images/overview.gif Middle Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller Middle Right: wireless_laptop01.jpg - http://www.markjciardi.com/website.htm Right: © 2004 Stephen Miller

7. Global Positioning System (GPS) System of 24 satellites and ground stations Time Difference of Arrival Advantages –GPS is a proven technology Disadvantages –Cost –Accuracy Left: http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~dk708/pg3_3.htm

8. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Time Difference of Arrival Mobile phone tracking –Emergency Services Advantages –Currently in use Disadvantages –Monthly fee –Network availability Top: http://www.accessscience.com/server-java/Arknoid/science/AS/ResUpdates/2000/YB_001541_frameset.htm Bottom: © 2004 Stephen Miller

9. WiFi (802.11) Wireless Fidelity Popular internet medium Radio Frequency Not currently a tracking method Advantages –Easy, affordable Disadvantages –Signal Obstructions Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller

10. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tag Price: $0.01 - $10 Used in various fields Advantages –Cost effective Disadvantages –Interrogator cost Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller

11. Proposed Solution WiFi (802.11) –Relates signal strength to distance RFID –Checkpoints for redundancy Environmental concerns Overall costs Left: http://www.net4nowt.com/isp_news/news_article.asp?News_ID=1316 Right: http://www.kennedygrp.com/home.cfm

12. Work Towards Solution Focus on WiFi technology WiFi prototype for tracking Right: © 2004 Stephen Miller

13. WiFi Prototype 3 Access Points Signal Strength vs. Distance All Images: © 2004 Stephen Miller

14. Prototype Testing All images © 2004 Stephen Miller

15. Prototype Testing All Images: © 2004 Stephen Miller Blue: John’s AP Magenta: Steve’s AP Yellow: Danielle’s AP

16. Prototype Calculations Above: © 2004 Stephen Miller

17. Perl Script Convert Signal Strength to Distance Find angle based on AP and Laptop Locations Find x- and y-coordinates in XY plane All Images: © 2004 John Mullen

18. Prototype In Action Location of Access Points Determine position in room Position calculated as laptop moves Top: © 2004 Stephen Miller Bottom Images: © 2004 John Mullen

19. Conclusion Summary –Tracking using WiFi and RFID for healthcare industry –Signal Strength Difference of Arrival for WiFi Access Points Future Work –Improve accuracy/reliability –Create marketable device –Other fields

20. Q & A

21. A Cost-Effective Tracking Method in the Healthcare Field James Fasoline Michael Kilgarriff Stephen Miller John Mullen Danielle Siegel Team # 74 Technical Advisor: Professor Timothy Kurzweg Thank you for your time and attention

23. Works Cited Bogan, Larry. Global Positioning System – How it Works. 7 Feb. 2004 http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~larry/gps/gps_talk.html Callaway, Edgar H., Jr. “Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols.” ENGnetBASE. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2004. 2004. 20 Feb 2004.. Dana, Peter H. “Global Positioning System Overview.” 01 May 2000. 04 Feb 2004.. “GPS Solutions.” www.qinetiq.com. 11 Feb 2004. Qinetiq.www.qinetiq.com http://www.qinetiq.com/homepage/markets/telecoms/gps_solutions.html Kleinberg, Kenneth. “Wireless interference in healthcare is real but manageable.” TechRepublic. 21 Feb. 2004.http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265_11- Kuhn, Cynthia and Wilson, Wilkie. "'Tagging' Alzheimer's Patients". WebMD (Health). 17 October 2002. WebMD Inc. 2 Feb 2004.. “New Digital Tracking Devices.” About.com. 5 August 2001. About Inc. 2 Feb 2004. RFID Products. RFID Inc. 4 Feb 2004.. Solutions – Overview. SMARTCODE Corp. 04 Feb 2004.. Stone, Adam. “Wi-Fi Wireless Networks, Hospitals and the Medical Profession.” Wi-Fi Technology. 21 Feb 2004. “What is a Geometer?” www,IQObject.se. 9 Feb. 2004. IQObjects. http://www.iqobject.se/pagesign/visitor/default.asp?sChain=2,5,76