1. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 1 - Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts Reza Razavi University of Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG razavi@acm.org Jean-François Perrot Université Pierre et Marie Curie – CNRS – LIP6, Paris – France jean-francois.perrot@lip6.fr Ralph Johnson University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Illinois – USA johnson@cs.uiuc.edu

2. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 2 - Background Photo: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu Connecting together a large number of small computers with sensing and actuating capabilities, to collectively and cost- effectively solve problems, based on real-time data. A Wireless Sensor Network

3. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 3 - Background Photo: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu Query: detect an animal Query: chart traffic patterns Query: photograph speeding vehicles Dynamic Macroprogramming of WSNs by End-users (experts) Requires specifying coordination between tasks Requires specifying a behavior repeated over time Requires specifying correlation of time series of basic sensing data into high-level semantic data

4. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 4 - Requirements summary End-users Expressing Relatively easily Complex behavior DSML Programmer: face diversity of application domains Business-specific Ontologies Modeling constructs Model execution strategies DSML Programmers Developing DSMLs for different application domains by Reuse Extension

5. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 5 - Task-Specific Behavior Modeling [B.A. Nardi] Entities and relationships collection Mobile Object Animal Pulse Pulse Pair Classify Animal Estimate Motion Detect Beam Event Sort Edges Average Pulse Pairs Primitive tasks Behavior specification Animal Classify Animal 2 1 T2: Identify Animal Mobile Object Estimate Motion 3 Pulse Pair 3 Average Pulse Pairs 4 Pulse 1 Detect Beam Event 9 Pulse 2 Detect Beam Event 8 Pulse 3 Detect Beam Event 7 Pulse Pair 1 Sort Edges 6 Pulse Pair 2 Sort Edges 5

6. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 6 - The Problem Method for stepwise development of Task-specific languages for behavior modeling Satisfying both End-users, and Programmers requirements

7. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 7 - Dart core concepts Design decisions explained and motivated in the paper.

8. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 8 - 1 Liz’s query 2 Main 3 T1: Compute Histogram Entry 4 T2: Identify Vehicle Histogram 5 Plot Histogram Histogram Entry Collection 6 For a Period of Do Mobile Object Estimate Motion 8 Pulse Pair 3 Average Pulse Pairs 9 Pulse 1 Detect Beam Event 12 Pulse 2 Detect Beam Event 13 Pulse 3 Detect Beam Event 14 Pulse Pair 2 Sort Edges Pulse Pair 1 Sort Edges 1011 Vehicle Classify Vehicle 7 Vehicle Do 16 Histogram Entry Create Histogram Entry 15 Illustration of behavior representation by Dart BehaviorTaskStep (Part Holder) ConstructConceptcontributes

9. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 9 - Implementation Research prototypes Provides extension hooks VisualWorks Smalltalk Dyctalk MiDyctalk MetaclassTalk MxDyctalk Squeak and Seaside Planned to be released as Open Source software

10. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 10 - Reuse example: Developing query engines for WSNs Uses: Seaside framework (http://www.seaside.st/) and Squeak (http://www.squeak.org/)

11. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 11 - Conclusion Step Adapt Fetch Load Code Adaptation cycle Operational level Knowledge level Introspection Intercession Dynamically-composed behavior Dart supports stepwise development of Adaptive Object-Models

12. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 12 - Current work Reusing Dart to support End-user Macro-programming WSNs Dart serves: Edition (GUI) Representation Verification Optimization Security Transformation Distributed, fine-grained, selective deployment Concurrent execution

13. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 13 - Thank you for your attention!  Questions?  Observations? Reza Razavi razavi@acm.org Autonomous Systems Group University of Luxembourg Please visit the Poster Session

14. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 14 - Outline of the talk Context Requirements Problem Solution Conclusion and perspectives

15. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 15 - Structure of queries Finite directed acyclic graph Recursive Steps may hierarchically point to tasks Reflective Same set of concepts reused to extend the system

16. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 16 - Semantics of queries Parallel evaluation of contributions Limited to their dependencies Different execution semantics Late value binding method binding Comparable to spreadsheets

17. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 17 - Role of the knowledge level Comprises: Conceptual ontology Behavioral ontology Framework for specifying queries as a composition of services through mediation of concepts Assumptions: Completeness of the service ontology Acknowledgeability of the users in the domain covered by the ontologies Low-level data, such as the sensor id, may be provided by users (in the process of being relaxed) Keeps track of static and dynamic metadata.

18. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 18 - Role of the operational level The operational level comprises a set of mobile agents The agents: Are defined dynamically Execute concurrently within the WSN, and on a single node Based on a formal model of computation In order to be verifiable  Actors

19. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 19 - Background Photo: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu Query: detect an animal EU requirements: example 1 Requires specifying correlation of time series of basic sensing data into high- level semantic data

20. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 20 - Background Photo: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu Query: detect an animal EU requirements: example 1 Requires specifying correlation of time series of basic sensing data into high- level semantic data Animal Classify Animal 2 1 T2: Identify Animal Mobile Object Estimate Motion 3 Pulse Pair 3 Average Pulse Pairs 4 Pulse 1 Detect Beam Event 9 Pulse 2 Detect Beam Event 8 Pulse 3 Detect Beam Event 7 Pulse Pair 1 Sort Edges 6 Pulse Pair 2 Sort Edges 5 Raw sensor data Semantic Stream [Zhao et al.]

21. Dart: A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts R. Razavi et al..OOPSLA Workshop DSML‘06 - 21 - Background Photo: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu Query: chart traffic patterns Query: photograph speeding vehicles EU requirements: other examples Requires specifying coordination between tasks Requires specifying a behavior repeated over time