1. NuFact 2005 US Solid Target Program Neutrino Factory/Neutrino Super Beam N. Simos, BNL H. Kirk, H. Ludewig, PT. Trung (BNL) K. McDonald, Princeton U. J. Sheppard, SLAC K. Yoshimura, KEK

2. NuFact 2005 What are we after? High Intensity/High Power Targets Low Z or high Z Alloys, composites, “smart” materials Stationary solid, granular, rotating Scrutiny of attractive candidates for irradiation damage Driving target scenarios to their limit through simulations – Use experimental data to back-feed the simulations.

3. NuFact 2005 Neutrino Super Beam Target Insulator He IN Solid CC target

4. NuFact 2005 Neutrino Super Beam Target Option II: Hollow CC target with He return CC target He IN He OUT Horn Insulator

5. NuFact 2005 Rotating Band (Muon Collider)

6. NuFact 2005 SOLID TARGET MATERIAL STUDIES PHASE I: Study of Carbon Carbon vs. Graphite under 24 GeV, intense AGS Beam – Shock Response Irradiation Damage Assessment of Super Invar and Inconel 718 PHASE II: Irradiation Damage Assessment of a host of attractive candidates. Re-assessment of Super Invar Carbon-Carbon Composite in Target Assembly Nickel-plated aluminum in target assembly (goal is to find out how irradiation affects bonding) Carbon-Carbon Composite (BNL) Toyota “Gum Metal” (KEK) Graphite (IG-43) (KEK) AlBeMet (BNL) Beryllium (BNL) Ti Alloy (6Al-4V) (SLAC) Vascomax (BNL) Nickel-Plated Alum. (BNL-FNAL-KEK) Material Matrix of PHASE II Study at BNL Complex assembly of target materials BEAM PARAMETERS 200 MeV protons; ~ 70 μA Spot size FWHM ~ 14 mm BEAM

7. NuFact 2005 Irradiation Set-up

8. NuFact 2005 WHY DO WE WANT TO DO THESE TESTS? IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON GRAPHITE Irradiation has a profound effect on thermal conductivity/diffusivity. Is Gum metal the answer to all our issues? How do its superb properties hold up under irradiation? Does Carbon-Carbon hold its advantage over Graphite other than responding better to shock ? Non-irradiated HORN materialHORN material AFTER irradiation Is nickel-plating the way to prolong life of HORN? Jury is still out BUT preliminary assessment not favorable

9. NuFact 2005 What Are We Learning About CC Composite? Temp.% elongation 23 o C0% 200 o C-0.023% 400 o C-0.028% 600 o C-0.020% 800 o C0% 1000 o C0.040% 1200 o C0.084% 1600 o C0.190% 2000 o C0.310% 2300 o C0.405% Experiment Manufacturer’s DATA

10. NuFact 2005 How much irradiation damage do we induce ?

11. NuFact 2005 Super Invar re-assessment

12. NuFact 2005 GUM Metal Strengthens but clearly looses “non-linear elasticity”, “super-ductility” Note that irradiation damage of only 0.25 dpa is enough to make the material totally brittle Irradiation effects on its thermal expansion properties are being assessed

13. NuFact 2005

14. How reliable are simulations and can we trust them to assess the limits of the target materials ? HADRON CALCULATIONS BENCHMARKING

15. NuFact 2005 Beam Window Experiment (E951) Experimental Strain Data vs. Simulation

16. NuFact 2005 PATH FORWARD Focus on Carbon Composite  Complete the irradiation damage assessment of a 2-D weave Carbon- Carbon composite (currently under irradiation at BNL). Compare it with the 3-D CC composite.  Continue the simulations performed with the specialized, non-linear code LS-DYNA that allows special modeling of composites such as CC (special license for the benchmarked material has been requested to be integrated with LS-DYNA)  Benchmark the E951 CC target results with the simulation model  Use the simulation model to drive the target to its limit (thus get a feel as to how high in power can we go with CC composites)  Explore the benefits of customization of the fiber arrangement in the composite (presence of weak planes, conductivity enhancement, etc.)

17. NuFact 2005 Planned Experimental Target Activities  Graphite and Carbon-Carbon to be tested to cycles up to 1100 C  in vacuum  with forced helium  Thermal diffusivity assessment of irradiated material matrix  Damage assessment due defect generation/growth on the irradiated specimens using ultrasonic techniques (more of an issue in graphite & CC)  Material resilience to shock: Use of a high power, focused laser beam  Expose/irradiate solid targets to much higher energies. P-bar target area at FNAL is being assessed. This will shed light in the possible difference of induced irradiation damage