1. SURFACE LASER SCANNING IN GEODESY Presentation by Yulia Loktionova, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

2. Surface laser scanning in geodesy Is the newest technology in area of applied geodesy, which pretends to be the most operative method of obtaining the information about the probed object The surface laser scanning is also known as ‘terrestrial’ or ‘ground- based’ scanning

3. Fields of Application In civil engineering Deformation monitoring of facilities under construction Deformation monitoring of facilities under construction Reconstruction of engineering structures (bridges, tunnels, overpasses etc.) Reconstruction of engineering structures (bridges, tunnels, overpasses etc.) Support at the stage of design and installation of facade structures Support at the stage of design and installation of facade structures

4. In architecture Facade shooting of architectural and historical heritage buildings and structures for the purpose of creation of measurement drawings and three-dimensional models for repair and restoration work Facade shooting of architectural and historical heritage buildings and structures for the purpose of creation of measurement drawings and three-dimensional models for repair and restoration work

5. Measurement technologies Measurement technologies 1.Impulse-based method: the distance between the scanner and the object is determined on the time a pulse of light needed to travel the way to the object and back Distance = 0,5tv 2. Phase-difference method: the scanner automatically defines a number of modulated waves, not a distance

6. Aerial laser scanning Produces Digital terrain models Digital terrain models Digital elevated models Digital elevated models Topographic maps Topographic maps But this technology is several times more expensive and is suitable for a large-scale shooting only

7. Advantages of the surface laser scanning The ability to determining spatial coordinates of the object in the field condition The ability to determining spatial coordinates of the object in the field condition A real time three-dimensional visualization A real time three-dimensional visualization Guaranteed safety for a shooting implementer while scanning Guaranteed safety for a shooting implementer while scanning A possibility of night-time shooting due to features of component’s operation principle A possibility of night-time shooting due to features of component’s operation principle Inexpensive method Inexpensive method

8. Example of laser scanners These three models are the most popular laser scanners on the Russian market of geodesic equipment: LEICA SCANSTATION C10 (Switzerland), TOPCON GLS-1000 (Japan), TRIMBLE GX (the USA)

9. Main Terms Surface laser scanningHorizontal/vertical angles MeasurementLaser beam Geodesic surveysImpulse-based method Data acquisitionPhase-difference Spatial coordinatesAerial laser scanning Cartesian coordinatesLarge-scale shooting Photo-theodoliteDigital elevated model PhotogrammetryDigital terrain model Reflectorless rangefinder Field condition

10. Sources http://global.britannica.com http://inno.tpu.ru/en/projects/inform/surface-laser- scanning-sls.html http://inno.tpu.ru/en/projects/inform/surface-laser- scanning-sls.html http://www.3dlasermapping.com http://www.zemlemer.org/eng http://ecogeotec.ru/en/technology/aerial-laser-scanning http://www.leica-geosystems.us http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_laser_scanning http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_laser_scanning

11. Honor of Statement This review was written by me. I know that violations of that policy may result in my being dismissed from Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography and/or appropriate legal action being taken against me Signed Yulia Loktionova 03/04/2015