1. 3.1: The First English Colonies
Objective:
Learn about the founding of the first English settlements
Compare Roanoke, Sagadahoc, & Jamestown
Understand why Jamestown survived and the long-term impact this had on the U.S.

2. Why did the English begin establishing colonies in 1588?

3. Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I
(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4. Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I
(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. What is the Roanoke mystery?

7. What was the purpose of joint-stock companies?

8. Map: Early Chesapeake Settlement
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. What was “starving time”?
Jamestown
Disastrous start
Disease, starvation and thoughts of gold
Investors wanted quick return
Only 38 of 150 survived
John Smith
Took control of the settlement
Work or get out
Help of the Powhatan
Turned colony around
Accident
More Colonists sent to Jamestown
Reaction of the Powhatan
What was “starving time”?

10. Evidence of “Starving Time”
National Geographic, Published May 1, 2013
Archaeologists have discovered the first physical evidence of cannibalism by desperate English colonists driven by hunger during the Starving Time of at Jamestown, Virginia (map)—the first permanent English settlement in the New World.
“There are five historical accounts written by or about Jamestown colonists that reference cannibalism, but this is the first time it’s been proven, said William Kelso, director of archeology at Historic Jamestown.
“This is a very rare find,” said James Horn, vice president of research for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. “It is the only artifactual evidence of cannibalism by Europeans at any European colony—Spanish, French, English, or Dutch—throughout the colonial period from about 1500 to 1800.”
Portions of the butchered skull and shinbone of a 14-year-old girl from England, dubbed “Jane” by researchers, were unearthed by Jamestown archaeologists last year. They found the remains about 2.5 feet (0.8 meters) down in a 17th century trash deposit in the cellar of a building built in 1608 inside the James Fort site.”

11. What was John Smith’s contribution to Jamestown
What was John Smith’s contribution to Jamestown? How might US history be different without him?

12. Fate of Jamestown After starving time, colonists wanted to leave
John Smith gets colony through “starving time”
More colonists arrive from England and save Jamestown from collapse
Colony is still not making a profit,
No gold has been found
There is not much trade with the Powhatan Indians due to warfare between the colonists and the tribe
The discovery of tobacco, AKA “Brown Gold” changes the fate of the colony and makes it profitable

13. Virginia House of Burgesses
Why was it created?
Why is it important to US History?

14. Indentured Servants Who were indentured servants?
What were their lives like?
Why were they important to the colony?

15. Once they decide to grow tobacco, who will do the work?
1st system of labor was the Headright system
Need for labor, anyone who came to the colonies got 50 acres
2nd system of labor was Indentured servants
Work as servants for 4-7 years in exchange for cost of coming to colonies
Roughly 1/3 die within 3 years from diseases like malaria
3rd system of labor was African laborers
First Africans arrived in Jamestown1619
Initially treated as Indentured servants
Africans are more expensive because they are more resistant to disease
Eventually, slavery replaces indentured servitude
WHY? (Hint: look at Bacon’s Rebellion)

16. Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon came to Virginia as a gentleman in the 1670s, but his resentment of the economic and political domination of the colony by a small group of planters transformed him into a backwoods rebel. In 1676, Bacon led an army of discontented farmers, servants, and slaves against the powerful coastal planters--and almost won. In this stained glass window, discovered and restored in the twentieth century, Bacon's social class and his commanding presence are both evident.
(The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities at Bacon's Castle, Library of Virginia)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

17. COMPARE ROANOKE & JAMESTOWN

18. Drills Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies
Identify characteristics of English Colonies

19. COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN ENGLAND NOTE:
Govt. supports colony
Gold & God
Plantations
Conquer
(Conquistadors/
Mestizos)
Private Corporations
Settlements
Colonies
Punitive Conflict
No mixing/
separation.destruction
NOTE:
We will complete column on French exploration in next part of chapter