1. BAI517 Chris Redford

2. Section Outline Objectives GNU The Linux 2.6 Kernel The Heritage of Linux What’s so good about Linux? Features of Linux

3. Introduction Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds as an undergraduate student Torvalds used the Internet to make the source code immediately available for free Linux version 0.01 in September 1991 The Linux operating system is maintained and continually developed thousands of individuals around the world

4. GNU GNU project Announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman Project for creating an operating system kernel & system programs Presented the GNU manifesto that begins… “GNU, which stands for Gnu’s Not UNIX, is the name for the complete UNIX-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.” The code is free Ch1-2

5. Linux Documentaries Revolution OS REVOLUTION OS tells the inside story of the hackers who rebelled against the proprietary software model and Microsoft to create GNU/Linux and the Open Source movement.

6. Linux Documentaries The Code The Code is a Finnish made documentary about Linux from 2001 featuring some of the most influential people of the free software movement.

7. Linux Documentaries Linux: the Codebreakers two-part documentary, The Codebreakers was aired on BBC World TV during May 2006. It investigates how poor countries are using FOSS applications for development, and includes stories and interviews from around the world. FOSS Free and Open Source Software

8. Linux Kernel 2.6 Released on December 17, 2003 Includes many enhancement Security Speed

9. What’s so good about Linux? Applications Many rich applications are available, both free and commercial Office productivity Network management Security Firewalls IDS Servers Web, mail, ftp, etc.

10. What’s so good about Linux? Multiuser Multi user login and connection Multiprocessing Preemptive Multitasking (Time Slicing) Multiplatform Intel, Alpha(Compaq/Digital), Sun Sparc, Power-PC (MAC) Interoperable “Plays nice” with Windows, Mac, Novell, Unix, other Distros Scalable Ability to grow and customize O/S with user demand Flexible Desktop, graphical workstation, server – web, file, print, db, mail… Stable Achieved a level of maturity required for adoption in mainstream networks Ch1-6

11. What’s so good about Linux? Peripherals Same peripherals supported as Windows operating systems Some supported before many companies do Software Binary executables Source Code! Ch1-6

12. What’s so good about Linux? Platforms Not just for Intel platforms Power PC DEC Alpha MIPS Motorola 68000 series Numerous 64-bit systems IBM S/390

13. What’s so good about Linux? Emulators Run code designed for other operating systems DOS Windows Mac

14. Linux Overview

15. Linux Kernel Allocates computer’s resources CPU Memory Hardware Drives, printers, etc. Scheduling user jobs

16. Linux Overview Supports many users Can support from 1 to thousands of users each concurrently running a different set of programs Can run many tasks Fully protected multitasking OS each user can run more than one job at a time Processes can communicate with each other but remain fully protected and separated

17. Linux Overview Provides a Secure Hierarchial Filesystem Standards Security Links / hometmpetc scottchrisjohn notes bin log report

18. Default folders on root (fedora8)

19. Default folders on root (Suze10)

20. Linux Overview The Shell Command Interpreter AND Programming Language BASH – Bourne Again Shell TC Shell (tcsh) – enhanced version of the C Shell Z Shell (zsh) – incorporate features from numerous shells, including the Korn Shell Ch1-12

21. Linux Overview – Shell cont’d

22. Linux Overview The Shell (cont.) Filename Generation Wildcards and ambiguous references can be used Device Independent Input and Output All devices like printers and disk files appear as files to Linux Allows redirection from one device to another

23. Linux Overview The Shell Shell Functions the shell can be used as a programming language Does not compile, but interprets programs Job Control Allows users to work on several jobs at once

24. Linux Overview Large Collection of Utilities 100’s of utilities written to do just about anything a user could want e.g. sort puts lists in alphabetical or numerical order Interprocess Communication Processes can communicate with each other

25. Linux Overview System Administration User creation Security Installation/Removal of applications Printing Disk quotas etc.

26. Additional Features GUI’s X-Windows System developed in part by researches at MIT Foundation for the various GUI’s available for Linux Two layers run under X Desktop Manager Window Manager

27. Additional Features GUI’s (cont.) X-Windows (cont.) Desktop Manager Picture oriented user interface Interacts with the OS using icons instead of typing commands Window Manager Runs under the desktop manager Controls the windows, runs programs, interprets mouse control

28. Additional Features (Inter)Networking Utilities Many utilities to allow remote access of systems email remote control file access etc. Software Development

29. Chapter Summary GNU The Linux 2.6 Kernel The Heritage of Linux What’s so good about Linux? Features of Linux

30. Reading and Exercises Read Chapter 1 Answer questions on p.19-20 Separate piece of paper – lined / hole punched Prepare a duo-tang for these review questions and lab supplementals.