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States of Consciousness

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Presentation on theme: "States of Consciousness"— Presentation transcript:

1 States of Consciousness
Levels of consciousness, Sleep & dreaming, Sleep Disorders, Hypnosis and Drugs

2 Levels of Consciousness – Clearing up the language…
Consciousness – Your awareness of the outside world, yourself, and your thoughts, feelings and perceptions Preconscious – Memories and feelings that are outside of our awareness, but easily accessible – Ex. “What happened in the football games this weekend?” Unconscious/Subconscious – Psychodynamic concept – All of the thoughts, feelings and desires that are not available to our conscious mind – too inappropriate Non-Conscious – Bodily processes that occur totally outside of our conscious awareness, such as blood flow and hormonal activity

3 Getting your zzzzzz’s…Sleep and Dreaming
Sleep is a combination of different states of consciousness The amount of sleep we get varies – Newborns average about hours per day, most adults average about 7 AP Exam Review - What portions of the brain control our levels of wakefulness, arousal and attention? The Reticular Formation, Thalamus and Hypothalamus Circadian Rhythm - physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle

4 Stages of Sleep Brain Waves are measured with Electroencephalograms (EEGs) Awake – Beta Waves Relaxed Wakefulness (Hypnagogic State) – Alpha Waves Two types of sleep – REM and NREM – NREM is divided into 4 stages Stage 1 – Theta Waves Stage 2 – Sleep Spindles – High frequency bursts of brain activity Stage 3 – Transition stage. Beginning of Delta Waves Stage 4 – Deep sleep. Delta (D Deep) Heart rate, temperature, blood flow to the brain are all reduced Then, the countdown – 3,2,1 REM sleep – Paradoxical Sleep – Eyes move, breathing is irregular, heart rate increase, etc. but muscles are relaxed.

5 Dreams Freud believed dreams revealed the secrets of the unconscious – a safety valve for our desires Manifest Content – The story that we remembered Latent Content – The underlying meaning Activation-Synthesis Theory – Pons generates action potentials, and then the dreamer creates a story line Key Question – Are dreams psychological (Psychoanalysts) or physiological (A-S Theory)?

6 Sleep Disorders REM-Rebound – More time is spent in REM sleep the night after a “bad sleep” Insomnia – The inability to fall asleep or stay sleeping Narcolepsy – An awake person falls asleep – Sudden and uncontrollable – Usually directly into REM sleep Sleep Apnea – Temporary cessation of breathing Night Terrors – Childhood sleep disruption from Stage 4 sleep Sleepwalking/ Somnambulism - Childhood sleep disruption from Stage 4 sleep In both cases, usually nothing is remembered in the morning

7 Hypnosis Hypnosis – an altered state of consciousness – deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility “When I ring this bell, you will begin to cluck like a chicken” May smell, taste, see or hear things that are not really there Highly vivid and intense High levels of focus Manage pain, quit certain unwanted behaviors, relaxation, etc.

8 Drugs Psychoactive Drugs – Substances that can pass through the blood/brain barrier to alter perception – Ex. Coffee Depressants – Reduce the activity of the Central Nervous System and induce relaxation – Barbiturates, tranquilizers & alcohol – Valium, Xanax, “roofies” Narcotics – CNS depressants – Opiates – Morphine, opium, heroin – Relieve pain and induce sleep Stimulants – Reduce inhibitions and increase motivational centers of the brain – Caffeine, cocaine and Ecstasy Hallucinogens – alter mood and distort perceptions – LSD, PCP, Marijuana


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