1. Tick Submission in MI Local Health Department, Environmental Health Division maintains tick kits Each tick kit contains: –Tick submission form –Instructions –Mailing container Specimens can be returned to LHD or mailed to Michigan department of Agriculture.

2. Ear-punch biopsy

6. Rodent Ear-Punch Biopsy Results 1990-1995 AREA#SPECIMENS#POSITIVE Upper Peninsula 563 132 Lower Peninsula 357 0 TOTAL 920 132 * Menominee County Michigan Department of Community Health & Michigan State University.

7. Recovery

8. Deer Surveillance n Hunter-killed deer n Fall 1988-1990 n Over 4,000 deer checked n Dermacentor albopictus found commonly n No Ixodes scapularis found

11. Canine Serosurvey n 1992 & 1993 n 6 private practices

12. Canine Serosurvey Methods n Random Samples n Healthy dogs n Serum from heartworm test n Blinded study n 2 step lab protocal –Screening IFA/ELISA; W.Blot

14. Table of specimens from each location COUNTY Berrien Kalamazoo Leelanau Menominee Oakland Saginaw -------------------- TOTAL # SPECIMENS 292 280 31 104 154 100 961

15. Western Blot Results 1993 MI, Canine seroprevalence COUNTY IgG RESULT COMMENT Menominee 31 vaccinated Menominee 18,41,45,66,93 positive? Menominee no bands negative Menominee 18, 93 positive? Menominee no bands negative Menominee 18,41,60,66,93 positive? Menominee 93 negative Menominee no bands negative Menominee 18,93 positive? Menominee 31,34 vaccinated Menominee no bands negative Berrien no bands negative Criteria from RH Jacobson, Cornell U

17. Seroprevalence Conclusions n Good study design n Extremely low level of seropositive dogs in Michigan n Results correlate with other ecologic & epidemiologic data n Menominee county

18. Gogebic Houghton Keweenaw Iron Baraga Marquette Dickinson Alger Delta Menominee Schoolcraft Luce Mackinac Chippewa Cheboygan Presque Isle Charlevoix Antrim OtsegoMontmorency Leelanau Benzie Grand Traverse Kalkaska CrawfordOscoda Alcona Manistee Wexford Ogemaw Iosco Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin Arenac Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay Huron Muskegon Montcalm Gratiot Saginaw Tuscola Sanilac St. Clair Lapeer Shiawassee ClintonIonia Kent Ottawa Allegan BarryEatonIngham Livingston Oakland Macomb Van Buren Kalamazoo Calhoun Jackson Washtenaw Wayne Berrien Cass Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe St. Joseph Branch Missaukee Alpena Roscommon Emmet Genesee Ontonagon

20. Human Skin Biopsy Results Borrelia burgdorferi isolation # Spec. # Pos. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 3 4 4 2 22 14 8 16 11 0 0 2 0 3 0 3 3 2

21. Endemic Area

22. Menominee County Factors contributing to Lyme Disease n UP banana belt; warmer temperatures n Rural ecology; emphasis on outdoor life and hunting n Landscape of forest, abandoned dairy farms, active dairy farms, waterways; mixture of southern deciduous and northern boreal forest n Northern limit of white-footed mouse distribution n Extremely high deer density

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24. www.michigan.gov/documents /

25. Where might Lyme Disease emerge next? n South West Michigan –A population of Ixodes Scapularis was recently found in NE Indiana, bordering Michigan.* n Coastal Counties of Michigan –Bird migration has been a source of tick dispersal. **

26. Gogebic Houghton Keweenaw Iron Baraga Marquette Dickinson Alger Delta Menominee Schoolcraft Luce Mackinac Chippewa Cheboygan Presque Isle Charlevoix Antrim OtsegoMontmorency Leelanau Benzie Grand Traverse Kalkaska CrawfordOscoda Alcona Manistee Wexford Ogemaw Iosco Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin Arenac Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay Huron Muskegon Montcalm Gratiot Saginaw Tuscola Sanilac St. Clair Lapeer Shiawassee ClintonIonia Kent Ottawa Allegan BarryEatonIngham Livingston Oakland Macomb Van Buren Kalamazoo Calhoun Jackson Washtenaw Wayne Berrien Cass Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe St. Joseph Branch Missaukee Alpena Roscommon Emmet Genesee Ontonagon 32 Targeted Active Surveillance Area 1998 Physician Participation 5 10 3 County # participating phys./ # phys. contacted Allegan 32/37 Berrien 29/66 Cass 5/15 Van Buren 10/34 Ottawa 3/6

27. Project objectives: (1) Develop SW Michigan as test site for quantitative Lyme disease ecological risk assessment (2) Enroll vet clinics in SW Michigan as sentinels for ticks and canine sera (3) Trap rodents at new sites, Inspect for ticks, isolate B. burgdorferi (4)Check locally shot deer for ticks GIS Risk Model Test Region Dept Microbiology & Molecular Genetics Mich State Univ

28. Is lower Michigan under invasion by I. scapularis ticks, and “Lyme disease?” If so, does this provide an opportunity to test and improve the risk map based upon tick habitat suitability?

32. 2/1,000 seropositive dogs 4/300 B. burgdorferi positive rodents Tick