1. The Effect of Music on Children’s Brain and Cognitive Development Gottfried Schlaug & Ellen Winner Dept. of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Dept. of Psychology, Boston College and Harvard Graduate School of Education HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER

2. 3 Questions  Does music learning cause structural changes in children’s brains?  Does music learning lead to improvement in children’s spatial thinking and in mathematics?  Is improvement in spatial and/or math reasoning related to brain changes?

3. Musicians’ brains are different

4. Corpus Callosum

5. Your Brain on Music

6. Is it Nature, Nurture, or both? A longitudinal study is the only way to find out.  We need to study children before they begin and while they are learning music.  We will compare groups of children learning music at varying levels of time commitment.

7. The Mozart Effect Previous studies have shown that after listening to the music of Mozart, adults score higher on spatial tasks like this paper folding test. However, this effect is short lived.

8. But other studies have shown that music training has positive, long-term effects on children’s cognition. This 3-year study will measure those effects in three ways: annual cognitive, math & music testing journal of activities annual non-invasive MRI scan

9. Wild claims have been made by the media but...

10. Object Assembly Test...it is true that children who study music solve puzzles of this kind better than those who have not studied music.

11. Math Based on a small number of studies, there is also some evidence that children who study music may improve in math.

12. Unanswered question: When children improve in spatial reasoning and in math, are these improvements related to structural brain changes? ?

13. Families who join our study agree to:  Annual cognitive, math and music testing at their child’s school, music school or at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Annual non-invasive MRI scans at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Keep a weekly record of child’s musical activities or instrumental practice and/or other extra-curricular activities

14. What is an MRI?  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  MRI is non-invasive and completely safe. There is no radiation whatsoever.  The MRI will take about 20-30 minutes to complete both structural and functional scanning.  While they are in the scanner, children will listen and respond to music in segments of approximately 5 minutes each.  When they leave, children will be given a CD with images of their brain.

15. Why Participate? Find out how music learning affects your child’s development Track your child brain growth and cognitive development Help gather scientific evidence to support music in our schools Receive pictures of your child’s developing brain Receive a small stipend for your child each time s/he is scanned