1. Prasad Thenkabail Global Food Security Support Analysis Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Workshop Goals January 16-17, 2014 third Workshop on Global Food Security Analysis Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Menlo Park, California, USA U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior

2. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Project Funding, Management, Reporting

3. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Funding Source, Budget, Project Duration U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Funding Source: NASA MEaSUREs (Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments) in response to solicitation NASA ROSES: NNH12ZDA001N-MEASURES. Budget: ~3.5 million over 5 years. Spread across 8 Institutes: USGS, Northern Arizona University, California State University @ Monterey Bay, NASA AMES, NASA GSFC, University of New Hampshire, University of Wisconsin, and Bay Area Environmental Institute (BAERI). Project duration: June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2018 (5 years)

4. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project NASA Management and Oversight U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior NASA Manager: Dr. Martha Maiden, Program Executive, NASA Earth Science Data Systems NASA Project Oversight: Dr. Hampapuram K. “Rama” Ramapriyan, Assistant Project Manager, NASA Earth Science Data and Information System Project Dr. Bradley Doorn, Science Mission Directorate, Earth Science Division; Dr. Diane E. Wickland, Manager, Terrestrial Ecology Program Dr. Greg Hunolt, Contractor, Columbus Technologies and Services ESDIS Metrics Support Project duration: June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2018 (5 years)

5. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Project Team and Roles

6. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Project Team: PI and co-Is U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Dr. Prasad S. Thenkabail, PI, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ; Dr. Cristina Milesi, co-I, California State University @ Monterey bay\NASA Ames, CA; Dr. Mutlu Ozdogan, co-I, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dr. Chandra Giri, co-I, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS data Center, Sioux Falls, SD; Dr. Russell G. Congalton, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH; Dr. James C. Tilton, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD; Dr. Temuulen Tsagaan Sankey, co-I, Northern Arizona, University (NAU), Flagstaff, AZ Six co-Is and a PI Prasad Thenkabail thenkabail@gmail.com, Prasad Thenkabail pthenkabail@usgs.gov, Cristina Milesi cristina.milesi@gmail.com, "Milesi, Cristina (ARC-SGE)[CAL STATE UNIV - MONTEREY BAY]" cristina.milesi-1@nasa.gov, Mutlu Ozdogan ozdogan@wisc.edu, Mutlu Ozdogan ozdogan05@gmail.com, Chandra Giri cgiri@usgs.gov, Russ Congalton russ.congalton@unh.edu, "Tilton, James C. (GSFC-6063)" james.c.tilton@nasa.gov, Temuulen Tsagaan Sankey Temuulen.Sankey@nau.edu,thenkabail@gmail.compthenkabail@usgs.gov cristina.milesi@gmail.com cristina.milesi-1@nasa.govozdogan@wisc.edu ozdogan05@gmail.comcgiri@usgs.govruss.congalton@unh.edujames.c.tilton@nasa.gov Temuulen.Sankey@nau.edu

7. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Project Staff: Research Scientists and Students U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior 1. Dr. Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla, Research Scientist 1, Bay Area Environmental Institute (based in U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ); 2. Dr. Jun Xiong, Research Scientist 2\Post Doc, Northern Arizona University (based in U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ); 3. Mr. Richard Massey, PhD student 1 (advisors: Prof. Temuulen Sankey and Dr. Prasad Thenkabail), Northern Arizona University and U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ); 4. Ms. Kamini Yadav, PhD student 2 (advisor: Prof. Russ Congalton), University of New Hampshire. NH; 5. Mr. Aparna Phalke, PhD student 3 (advisor: Prof. Murlu Ozdogan), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Two Research scientists and 3 PhD students Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla (Pteluguntla@usgs.gov; teluguntlasaradhi@gmail.com), Jun Xiong (jxiong@usgs.gov; jun.xiong1981@gmail.com), richard massey (massey@usgs.gov; masseyr44@gmail.com), Kamini Yadav (kaminiyadav.02@gmail.com), Ms. Aparna Phalke (phalke@wisc.edu; aparnapm16@gmail.com)Pteluguntla@usgs.govteluguntlasaradhi@gmail.comjxiong@usgs.govjun.xiong1981@gmail.commassey@usgs.gov masseyr44@gmail.comkaminiyadav.02@gmail.comphalke@wisc.eduaparnapm16@gmail.com

8. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project LP DAAC U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Ultimately all our Products will go into LP DAAC. I see this as three step process: A.Develop products and validate within team; B.Release BETA version on GFSAD30 web\data portal along with peer reviewd publication C.Release the product to LP DAAC LP DAAC Contacts for the project: 1.Dr. Dave Meyer, USGS EROS 2.Stacie Bennett, USGS Dave Meyer ( dmeyer@usgs.gov); Stacie Doman Bennett (sdomanbennett@usgs.gov), dmeyer@usgs.govsdomanbennett@usgs.gov Others?: Tom Maiersperger, Chris Doescher

9. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Web\Data Portal Support U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior The way forward here could be: (Note: Cristina and Jeff will provide greater details later) A.Develop intial GFSAD30 web portal and launch it with support from Jeff Peters et al.; B.Get it more populated and bring in more sophistication when GFSAD30 web support person comes in; C.Coordinate with LP DAAC to take it to next level. 1.Mr. Jeff Peters, USGS WGSC 2.Web developer, TBD, NASA AMES (starting Year 2) Jeff Peters ( jpeters@usgs.gov); jpeters@usgs.gov

10. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Google Earth Engine U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior How can we leverage Google Earth Engine capabilities in our project: (Note: Jeanne Jones will provide more details) 1.Need to learn. Have invited Jeanne Jones of USGS WGSC who will provide some more insights along with Chandra Giri; 2.Look into these:Look into these: earthengine.google.orgearthengine.google.org; http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/wrc/videos.htmhttp://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/wrc/videos.htm 3. USGS WGSC (Susan Benjamin) has signed an agreement that allows us to script (python, javascript) and develop on the site; 1.Dr. Jeanne Jones, USGS WGSC Jeanne Jones ( jmjones@usgs.gov); jmjones@usgs.gov

11. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Overarching Goal

12. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Monitoring global croplands (GCs) is imperative for ensuring sustainable water and food security to the people of the world in the Twenty-first Century. However, the currently available cropland products suffer from major limitations such as: (1) Absence of precise spatial location of the cropped areas; (b) Coarse resolution nature of the map products with significant uncertainties in areas, locations, and detail; (b) Uncertainties in differentiating irrigated areas from rainfed areas; (c) Absence of crop types and cropping intensities; and (e) Absence of a dedicated web\data portal for the dissemination of cropland products. The overarching goal of this project is to produce consistent and unbiased estimates of global agricultural cropland areas, crop types, crop watering method, and cropping intensities using Multi-sensor, Multi-date Remote Sensing and mature cropland mapping algorithms (CMAs). Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Overarching Goal

13. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Five Products

14. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Therefore, our project aims to close these gaps through a Global Cropland Area Database at nominal 30m (GCAD30) with 5 distinct products: 1. Cropland extent\area, 2. Irrigated versus rainfed, 3. Cropping intensities: single, double, triple, and continuous cropping; 4. Crop types with focus on 8 crops that occupy 70% of the global cropland areas; and 5. Change over space and time. …….from above comes: crop productivity (productivity per unit of land) and water productivity (productivity per unit of water or crop per drop) Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Five Key Products Each of us Will Have to Produce

15. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Rice crop in India: Year 2000 World Crops: 2000 GFSAD30: NASA MEaSUREs Project on Global Food Security Key Products for the Entire World @ 30m (Landsat + MODIS + secondary)

16. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Product 1 Cropland Extent and Areas

17. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 1: Cropland Extent and Areas Pardha et al.

18. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Product 2 Irrigated versus Rainfed

19. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 34% irrigated and 66% rainfed. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 2: Irrigation versus Rainfed Pardha et al.

20. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Product 3 Cropping Intensity

21. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 3: Cropping Intensity

22. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 3: Cropping Intensity

23. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Product 4 Crop Types

24. 1. Focus on global mapping irrigated and rainfed croplands and computing their blue water and green water use U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior 2. Focus on 18 crops occupy 85% of all global cropland areas…..so, we can focus on them  1.5-1.8 billion ha. (10.3% to 12% of total land area) in agricultural croplands Thenkabail et al. 2012 70% area by 8 crops Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 4: Crop Types (8 Major Crops and Others)

25. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Product 5 Change over Time and Space

26. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Month by month NDVI dynamics of global croplands. Year 2000. Thenkabail and Gumma, 2012 Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 5: Change over Space and Time

27. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Center image of global cropland (irrigated and rainfed) areas @ 1 km for year 2000 produced by overlying the remote sensing derived product of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI; Thenkabail et al., 2012, 2011, 2009a, 2009b; http://www.iwmigiam.org) over 5 dominant crops (wheat, rice, maize, barley and soybeans) of the world produced by Ramankutty et al. (2008). The 5 crops constitute about 60% of all global cropland areas. The IWMI remote sensing product is derived using remotely sensed data fusion (e.g., NOAA AVHRR, SPOT VGT, JERS SAR), secondary data (e.g., elevation, temperature, and precipitation), and in-situ data. Total area of croplands is 221 Mha of which 160 million hectares is total area available for irrigation (without considering cropping intensity) and 467 million hectares is annualized irrigated areas (considering cropping intensity). Surrounding NDVI images of irrigated areas: The January to December irrigated area NDVI dynamics is produced using NOAA AVHRR NDVI. The irrigated areas were determined by Thenkabail et al. (2011, 2009a, b).http://www.iwmigiam.org South Asia has 34% (~160 Mha) of global irrigated areas…….you see the dynamics of irrigated areas of South Asia for one year, month by month. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 5: Change over Space and Time

28. EO Data Looking at Crop Dynamics: Month of April from 1981-2001 U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Cropland extent: get this accurately mapped and masked; There is ~1.5 to 1.7 billion hectares of croplands; but due to fragmented areas and spread, we will require ~2000 Landsat images (~3 billion hectares).………wall-to-wall coverage of cropland areas will roughly require: 1. Landsat images: ~2000 2.MODIS time-series: over the same area ~ Step 1: We currently have a very good cropland extent map @ 1 km…….that will be a starting point…… to work towards very accurate global cropland extent map @ 30 m Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 5: Change over Space and Time

29. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Month by Month NDVI dynamics of global croplands. Years 1982-2000 Thenkabail and Gumma, 2012 Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 5: Change over Space and Time

30. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Study Areas

31. Pardha/Prasad/Jun/Giri (Asia & Australia) Aparna/Mutlu/Prasad/Giri (Europe &Middle East) Jun/Cristina/Prasad/Pardha/Mutlu/Giri (South America & Africa) Richard/Teki/Prasad/Pardha/Giri (North America) Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Study Areas

32. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Baseline Data and Data Processing

33. Landsat GLS data 1970s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010 MODIS 250 m NDVI data 2000s (2000-2002), 2010 (2010-2012) AVHRR 10 km NDVI data 1982-2011 MODIS B1 and B2 data 2000s, 2010s Secondary Data Elevation (GDEM, 30 m), precipitation 40 yr average (CRU, 50 km), AVHRR skin temperature (10 km), potential ET based on 100 yr climate data (100 km). Also, others like Soils, slope etc. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Baseline Data Infrastructure Wait for Jun Xiong’s Presentation

34. Total no of tiles needed: 9,770 (Digital number files) Average size of single tile: 500 Mb (excluding thermal and panchromatic bands) Total volume for the Globe*: ~ 4.8 TB (DN Images) Total volume for the Globe: ~20.0 TB (Reflectance Images) # No. of tiles:3357 Total Volume: 1.7 TB No. of tiles:2609 Total Volume: 1.3 TB No. of tiles:819 Total Volume: 0.4 TB No. of tiles:1324 Total Volume: 0.7TB No. of tiles:396 Total Volume: 0.20 TB No. of tiles:185 Total Volume: 0.1 TB No. of tiles:1190 Total Volume: 0.6 TB * For all the landmass, except Antarctica continent # Each reflectance image is 4 times by volume of a DN image Landsat Coverage of the World …………..further drastic reduction is possible if we consider only areas mapped as irrigated and rainfed in GIAM and GMRCA. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Landsat Data of the World: Overview

35. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Web-enabled (free) Landsat Data and Rapid Generation Products via Supercomputers USGS and NASA Partnership: Free data, Global Products Processed within Hours to Day\s http://earthexplorer.usgs.govhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov; http://glovis.usgs.gov/http://glovis.usgs.gov/ Data normalization, harmonization, mosaicking, running algorithms, product generation NDVI Multiple bands displayed in FCC Images of different dates; nominal 2010 ~ 4900 Landsat image tiles where croplands exists to some degree, at times a small patch Ability to mosaic, run algorithms, and generate global products within few hours to few days…..challenge is to go from products like NDVI to Cropland Products (e.g., crop types, crop stress\drought, crop productivity, water productivity……) Jun et al.

36. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Implementation of Automated Cropland Mapping Algorithms

37. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Implementation of Cropland Mapping Algorithms Wait for Pardha, Jun, Mutlu, Teki’s Presentations

38. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Implementation of Cropland Mapping Algorithms: Jun and Pardha’s work 1.Synergestic methods for GFSAD30 cropland products development; 2.Knowledge base of GSFAD30 cropland products based on what we learn in step 1; 3.Coding\algorithm development for automated production of GFSAD30 cropland products.

39. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Ground Data: What we Have and What we need to Acquire

40. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Uncertainties, Errors, and Accuracies: A complete error analysis and validation is necessary in order to evaluate the sources of error, control them, and make effective use of the global cropland maps and statistics created. It is achieved through: (a) error matrix analysis, and (b) regression analysis. An error matrix (overall, producers, and user’s accuracies). Data used for accuracy assessments include: (i) 25% of the  20,000 ground data points, (ii) thousand+ globally well distributed very high resolution (sub-meter to 5 meter) Commercial Imagery Derived Requirement (CIDR) Database of USGS, available free of cost to the project through the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (https://warp.nga.mil/), (iii) our ongoing collaborative work over large areas (e.g., rice map of Asia; Figure 7), (iv) maps from national systems (e.g., USDA cropland data layer; see letters of support from global partners; also e.g., MoWR, 2011, MOA, 2010), and (b) 500, 5 x 5 kilometer samples used in global land cover products (Olofsson et al., 2011, Stehman et al., 2011).https://warp.nga.mil/ Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Ground Data: What we Have and What we Need to Acquire Wait for Mutlu’s Presentation and also let us Discuss where we need to Plan Ground campaigns

41. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Other Reference Data: Collaborators, Country Stats, Regional Maps, Published products

42. 48) Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses 118) Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow 180) Irrigated-SW-TC-rice-pulses-rice 211) Irrigated-DC-SW-rice-rice Land use / land coverArea (ha) 01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice 359,235 02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow 1,047,616 03. Rainfed-SC-rice-pulses 1,847,062 04. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice 1,089,190 05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-b.gram-rice 1,355,567 06. Irrigated-SW-TC-rice-chickpea-rice 764,342 07. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-MS (30% trees) 28,864 08. Rainfed-SC-groundnut/pigeonpea 6,360,483 09. Rangelands mix with rainfed mixed crops 3,391,835 10. Water bodies 581,912 11. Built-up lands 97,429 12. Forests/Savannas/others 50,355,260 Regions Ground-truth Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project New 2013 Ground Data Example

43. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Other Reference Data: National Stats, Published Maps etc. 1.Further field campaigns (starting this summer); 2.Leverage people you know in countries you work to strengthen on ground data, statistical data, secondary map data; 3.Share in standard format on common platform.

44. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Reporting and Delivery of Products

45. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Strategy for Delivery of Products: 3 Stages U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Products and it’s Delivery Mechanism: Ultimately all our Products will go into LP DAAC. I see this as three step process: A.Develop products and validate them within team; B.Release BETA version on GFSAD30 web\data portal along with peer-reviewed publication; C.Release the product to LP DAAC. Reporting: D. Report to NASA every 6 months Milestones: E. Need to meet the strict milestones to ensure continued Funding

46. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Budgets

47. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Budgets U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior 1.Each co-I need to work on their Year 2 Budgets with me at Some Stage (March?) Given paperwork always takes time; 2.Some re-working\Changes in project budget is required in year 2 based on priorities and accomplishments (and also depending on how much we get from NASA); 3.We also need to have line items exactly accounted (e.g., definite numbers for travel etc.); 4.No moving budgets around line items once it is approved, and finalized; and 5.Budgets must be accompanied by budget justification.

48. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey GFSAD30 Workshop Format

49. Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Workshop Format U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior 1.Less emphasis on presentations (brief); 2.High emphasis on discussions; 3.Informal, one can stop and ask questions at any stage. 4.Keep to time allocated; 5.……by end of day 2 we should have “collective vision” on where we are headed!