1. Phosphoric Acid Fuel cell Used in hospitals, nursing homes and for all commercial purposes Used in hospitals, nursing homes and for all commercial purposes Electrolyte: Liquid Phosphoric acid Electrolyte: Liquid Phosphoric acid Catalyst: platinum Catalyst: platinum Electrical efficiency of 40% Electrical efficiency of 40% Advantages :using impure hydrogen as fuel and 85% of the steam can be used for cogeneration Advantages :using impure hydrogen as fuel and 85% of the steam can be used for cogeneration

2. Working Diagram

3. Contd … The anode and cathode reactions are the same as those in the PEM fuel cell with the cathode reaction occurring at a faster rate due to the higher operating temperature. The anode and cathode reactions are the same as those in the PEM fuel cell with the cathode reaction occurring at a faster rate due to the higher operating temperature. The increased temperature also imparts a slightly higher tolerance to impurities and phosphoric acid cells can function with 1-2 per cent carbon monoxide and a few ppm of sulphur in the reactant streams. The increased temperature also imparts a slightly higher tolerance to impurities and phosphoric acid cells can function with 1-2 per cent carbon monoxide and a few ppm of sulphur in the reactant streams. Simple construction, stability and low electrolyte volatility Simple construction, stability and low electrolyte volatility

4. Disadvantages Disadvantages: uses expensive platinum as catalyst Disadvantages: uses expensive platinum as catalyst Large size and weight Large size and weight Low power and current Low power and current Existing PAFC’s have outputs of 200kw and 1Mw are being tested Existing PAFC’s have outputs of 200kw and 1Mw are being tested http://www.toshiba.co.jp/product/fc/fce/nature.htm

5. External Reforming &Internal Reforming of Fuel

6. Major Fuel cell Plant

7. IMP. LINKS Link showing the working of a battery with animations: Link showing the working of a battery with animations: http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm Link showing complete overview of phosphoric acid fuel cell : Link showing complete overview of phosphoric acid fuel cell : http://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1- 1FCDesc.htm http://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1- 1FCDesc.htm http://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1- 1FCDesc.htm http://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1- 1FCDesc.htm Link showing the history of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Link showing the history of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/phos/pafc main.htm#TOP http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/phos/pafc main.htm#TOP

8. Applications http://www.fossil.energy.gov/progra ms/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscells _phosacid.html http://www.fossil.energy.gov/progra ms/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscells _phosacid.html http://www.fossil.energy.gov/progra ms/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscells _phosacid.html http://www.fossil.energy.gov/progra ms/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscells _phosacid.html Industrial and other commerical applications are in server: Industrial and other commerical applications are in server: Energy/FC_Materials.doc Energy/FC_Materials.docFC_Materials.doc

9. Activity Operating Temperature of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? Operating Temperature of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? 80C 80C 600C 600C 205C 205C 800-1000C 800-1000C

10. Activity Electrolyte in phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? Electrolyte in phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? Ion exchange membrane Ion exchange membrane Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric Acid Ceramic Ceramic Liquid Molten Carbonate Liquid Molten Carbonate

11. Activity What is the catalyst used in Phosphoric Acid fuel Cell? What is the catalyst used in Phosphoric Acid fuel Cell? Nickel Nickel Platinum Platinum Pervoskites Pervoskites None None

12. Activity What Fuel can be used in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? What Fuel can be used in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell? H2 H2 CH4 +H2O CH4 +H2O CO+H2O CO+H2O All of the above All of the above