1. Categorical Propositions All S is P No S is P Some S is P Some S is not P

2. Four parts of a Categorical Proposition Quantifier: “all”, “no” or “some” Subject Term Copula: some form of the verb “to be” Predicate Term

3. Quantity: universal or particular Quality: affirmative or negative

4. All Popes are Catholics Universal affirmative No Republicans are DemocratsUniversal negative Some fresh vegetables are high-fiber foods Particular affirmative Some compact cars are not hybrids Particular negative A E I O

5. Affirmo Nego

6. Distribution A proposition distributes its term(s) if it says something about the entire class named by the term.

7. All Popes are Catholics (All S is P): refers to every Pope, but not every Catholic No Republicans are Democrats (No S is P): says something about all Republicans and about all Democrats Some trees are oaks (Some S is P): says nothing about every tree or about every oak Some animals are not cats (Some S is not P): says something about every cat: the whole class of cats excludes at least one animal

8. All Popes are Catholics (All S is P): A statements distribute the Subject

9. No Republicans are Democrats (No S is P) E statements distribute both Subject and Predicate

10. Some trees are oaks (Some S is P) I statements distribute neither term

11. Some animals are not cats (Some S is not P) O statements distribute the Predicate term

12. Universals distribute their subject terms Negatives distribute their predicate terms All D are __ No D are D Some __ are __ Some __ are not D

13. Quality, Quantity, & Distribution A: universal affirmative, distributes Subject E: universal negative, distributes both I: particular affirmative, distributes neither O: particular negative, distributes Predicate