1. BY Christina Bass CE240 Young Children with Special Needs 1

2. Week 8 Happenings Submit initial response to DB (include references) Respond to at least 2 classmate’s responses Week 8 readings and web resources Attend seminar or submit option 2 Complete Graded review Pace yourself for the week 9 project Double check the gradebook to ensure all grades are accurate and updated; any discrepancies, email me ASAP. All missing work is due Tuesday, May 3, with the unit 9 project. Last day to request an incomplete is Monday, May 2.

3. Learning Outcomes 1. Identify resources for children with special needs in your state as well as information for Title V in your state; 2. Describe how these resources may be utilized by an Early Childhood Care Professional; 3. Compare IDEA, NCLB, ADA and 504 and explain their value. Seminar “Project”  Look at learning outcome #1  You will have 5 minutes to complete a Google search for this  Report back to the class your findings 3

4. Research and Early Intervention Early intervention research was performed on a group of mentally disabled children in 1958. This research showed that “the development of sound intelligence depends on appropriate stimulation in the environment” (Cowdery & Allen, 2009, p. 36). This research was brought to the attention of policy holders. In 1965, what was formed as a result of this research? 4

5. HEAD START!!!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF8XbaAr7t8 Share your thoughts regarding “Head Start”, including concerns, if any. 5

6. Let’s Sum it Up!!!!! Let’s “Scavenger Hunt” to sum up what exactly is “Head Start”…. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ohs/  What IS Head Start?  What is the PURPOSE of Head Start?  What are some of the services provided through Head Start?  What is the “Head Start Act”?  Click on the “Head Start Locator” link (under Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center) and find a Head Start program near you. 6

7. Head Start What is Head Start? http://www.nhsa.org/ US program approved in 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson (part of War on Poverty) Designed to help children from birth to age five, Designed for families with incomes below or at the poverty level Goal is to help these children become ready for kindergarten Provide needed requirements like health care and food support. How to locate a Head Start program in your area: http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/HeadStartOffices

8. Civil Rights Movement  Council for Exceptional Children (CEC);  www.cec.sped.org/  Division for Early Childhood (DEC), a division of CEC;  www.dec-sped.org/  American Speech, Language and Hearing Association (ASHA);  www.asha.org/  American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR);  www.aamr.org/  Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH);  www.tash.org/  Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC);  www.thearc.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=403 www.thearc.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=403 Research one of the above links and describe what you found and how it relates to those with special needs. (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 37). 8

9. Eligibility under Section 504 Section 504 is a federal law designed to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities in programs and activities that receive federal funds from the U.S. Department of Education (ED). To be protected under Section 504, a student must be determined to: 1) have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; 2) have a record of such an impairment; or 3) be regarded as having such an impairment. 504 “Fact Sheet”: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq. html http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq. html 9

10. Landmark Legislation: Google search one of the following topics and report back to the class your web site and the information, in general terms, that you found: 10 University Affiliated Facilities (PL 88- 164); Handicapped Children’s Early Education Association (PL 90-538): Head Start Amendments (PL 92-424):

11. Landmark Legislation University Affiliated Facilities (PL 88-164); President Kennedy; research led by Dr. Leonard Mayo (1961, 1962) 1) create, demonstrate, and evaluate intervention programs for mentally retarded; 2) provide interdisciplinary training; 3) conduct research on human development/developmental issues impacting mental retardation; 4) establish university and community partnerships for improving conditions for mentally retarded people. Handicapped Children’s Early Education Association (PL 90- 538): 1968, no longer exists. Funds have been integrated into general fund for all children from birth to 21 (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 41). 11

12. More on Landmark Legislation Head Start Amendments (PL 92-424): http://www.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html http://www.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html ***a new law mandating that 10% were those with developmental disabilities including mental retardation, deafness/hearing impairments, serious speech or visual impairments, crippling orthopedic impairments, chronic health impairments, and learning disabilities. Head Start continues to grow and expand in its services. 2005, 906,993 children with 231, 000 staff members serving in 19,800 centers (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, 42). ***Early Head Start has been created to include pregnant women; ***Even Head Start includes through age 7. 12

13. Early Intervention and Prevention Early Head Start: http://www.ehsnrc.org/http://www.ehsnrc.org/ serve low income women and young children. Works to transition family into Head Start. Disability Services Quality Improvement Centers: *Formerly known as Regional Access Project (RAPs); *Head Start provides training and consultation to programs serving children with disabilities; *Each region has its own site; (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 43) 13

14. Head Start vs. Early Head Start Let’s compare “Head Start” and “Early Head Start”  List at least 2 similarities  List at least 2 differences  Do you believe either program to be more effective than the other and why? 14

15. Developmental Disabilities Developmental Disabilities Act (DDA) (PL 106-402): www.acf.hhs.gov Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and reauthorized in 2000. Section 504 focused on reducing discrimination. All with disabilities be given access to jobs, education, housing and public buildings. States offering preschools had to provide for children with disabilities, too. This includes children that do not qualify for Special Education Services. 15

16. IDEA Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142): Law in 1975. http://idea.ed.gov/http://idea.ed.gov/ Now called IDEA-Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; Name reflects “people first” terminology. 1) Guarantees the right to free and public education; 2) Specific support for early education programs (like Child Find) for children under 5; 3) Zero reject: local schools must provide for all regardless of severity of diability; (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 44) 16

17. IDEA Continued 4) Nondiscriminatory Evaluation: assessment of disability should be in accordance with child’s language and culture. Several types of evaluation: cognitive, adaptive, and social performances. 5) Appropriate education: IEP or IFSP plan must be followed. 5) Least Restrictive Environment: (inclusion) child will be taught in an inclusionary environment whenever possible. Supports to stay in this environment are also necessary ( Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 44). 17

18. More on IDEA Due Process: Must have the right to call a hearing when not in agreement with the school. Child cannot be removed from classroom due to annoying or inconvenient behavior. 1. The parent can examine all records. 2. Consulted about program before it goes into effect 3. Receive written notice of proposed changes/placement 4. Demand legal rep if problems cannot be resolved (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 45). 18

19. Education of the Handicapped Amendments (PL 99-457 ) Services for children with disabilities from birth to three: IDEA 2004 covered under Part C…discretionary legislations. State may serve but do not have to do so by law unless they serve nondisabled children of this age. Very young children do not need a label to be served. IFSP…each family and child must receive a multi- disciplinary written assessment of the services required. (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 48). 19

20. No (N) Child (C) Left (L) Behind (B) http://www2.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml Take a few minutes to explore the NCLB information and the US government’s website Post a few statements about NCLB, related to what it is, does it work, how do you implement, etc. Share your personal thoughts on NCLB; does “one size fit all”? 20

21. Unit 9 Project Create a brochure (use template in classroom) The flyer pertains to addressing concerns for special needs in children aged infant-3 years old Include:  How is the child screened and evaluated, including resources and local, state, or federal programs  Discuss importance of early detection and intervention  Special types of services available  Share at least 4 effective strategies for children with special needs  Include developmentally appropriate practices Title and reference pages required Review the rubric 21

22. No Child left Behind (NCLB): Professional Development http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml Improve teachers knowledge of academic subjects taught School wide educational Improvement plan Help teachers teach students to meet challenging standards Support teacher recruitment, hiring, and training Enable teachers to maintain high-quality, sustained intensive classroom focus Align with state standards Develop in collaboration with K-12 teachers/parents Assist teachers with Limited English Proficient (LEP) students http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VBur2clylg What are YOUR thoughts on NCLB? 22

23. More on NCLB 23 Be connected to effective instructional practices predicated on scientific research Increase teaching skills/knowledge of teachers Train in use of technology as it relates to improving performance on core subjects Regularly evaluated for impact Provide instruction in methods to those teaching children with special needs. Instruction in the use of data and assessments Instruction in working with parents Partnerships between K-12 and higher education to help prospective and beginning teachers to work under guidance of college faculty and experienced teachers Help paraprofessionals meet state standards (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 51-52).

24. Education of the Handicapped Amendments (PL 99-457) Services for children from three to five: increased funding, five year time period to channel funds appropriately to each state. Mandated: least restrictive environment, due process, child find, and IEPs. TRUE OR FALSE: States that receive federal funds must provide parent support services, too. 24

25. References Allen, E.K., Cowdery, G.E. (2009). The Exceptional Child: inclusion in early childhood education. United States of America: Thompson Delmar Learning Office for Civil Rights. Protecting students with disabilities. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from website Ed. Gov. (See web site in course as cannot type the reference correctly due to the platform for Seminars) 25