1. 1 Warm Up: You may use your notes but not your classmates’- all the answers should be in your notes. If they aren’t, you need to copy a friends’ after class or come talk to me! Washington’s Foreign Policy: – Why were France & England at war? – Why did France think the U.S. should help them? – What actions did Washington take in response to the war between Great Britain and France (1793)?

2. Adams Administration Foreign Policy 1797-1801 Challenges to Isolationism

3. 3 Adams’ Administration.... Inherits Washington’s belief that the US should remain ISOLATIONIST But also is still dealing with the war between Britain and France Both sides STILL want the US’ support So what should Adams do...?

4. John Adams faced many challenges while trying uphold Washington’s policy of isolationism. As a group, 1)Interpret Documents A-G.... 2) You will argue that Adams should CONTINUE or BREAK AWAY from the policy of isolationism. (thesis) 3) You will come up with 3 reasons (arguments supported by evidence) Evidence from THREE DIFFERENT sources must be cited. This must be written out in complete sentences. Each group must state their thesis, make 3 reasons supported with evidence, and EXPLAIN how they link to your thesis.

5. REMINDERS: Pay attention to the DATE of each document to put them in CONTEXT. Use all notes and prior knowledge to help you interpret the documents. All claims & evidence used should support your thesis.

6. Example: Thesis: The Adams administration should abandon its policy of isolationism, because the U.S. owes military support to France in its war against Great Britain. Reason #1: According to Doc. C, it owes support because... Reason #2: Also, Adams should provide military aid to France, because... (Doc. E). Conclusion: Therefore, because of #1 and #2, the U.S. must remain loyal to France and support their military action against Great Britain, breaking from Washington’s isolationist ideology.

7. Example: Thesis: The Adams administration should abandon its policy of isolationism, because it owes military support to France in its war against Great Britain. Claim #1: It owes support, because in 1778, the United States needed France’s support to win independence. The U.S. signed the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 ensuring that we would not enter into “either Truce or Peace with Great Britain” unless it was mutually agreed upon (Doc. C). Claim #2: Jay’s Treaty violates the U.S’ existing allegiance to France by “establishing universal peace” between the U.S. and Great Britain (Doc. E). Link: Therefore, because the U.S.’ treaty with France stands precedent, President Adams must remain loyal to France and support their military action against Great Britain, breaking from Washington’s isolationist ideology.

8. warm up Use the Documents at your table Quote or paraphrase the ONE piece of evidence you find most compelling or persuasive (it can be one you used last class) Briefly explain the argument that the evidence supports (remaining isolationist, allying with France, allying with Britain) Explain HOW it supports your argument

9. Adams Administration Foreign Policy 1797-1801 Challenges to Isolationism

10. U.S’ History with Great Britain: After the Treaty of Paris (1783), Great Britain:  Refused to remove their navy from the Great Lakes  Refused to abandon forts on the Western frontier  Incited native rebellions against the United States  Hijacked American merchant ships and impressed sailors into the Royal Navy

11. 1794 – U.S. signs Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain:  Makes Britain a preferred trading partner of the U.S.  Britain agrees to abandon western forts and remove Royal Navy from Great Lakes U.S’ History with Great Britain:

12. 12 U.S’ History with France: 1778 – Franco-American Alliance:  Both sides agree to: ‣ back each other militarily, ‣ be primary trading partners, ‣ agree not to make any treaties with Great Britain  France (and many Americans) see Jay’s Treaty (1794) as a violation of this agreement  France is outraged...they believe it’s a violation of their 1778 agreement  France’s navy starts seizing U.S. merchant ships headed for British ports  U.S. has no navy to protect its shipping industry

13. Era of Hostilities with France Unable to export goods b/c ships being seized in way to Britain Domestic earnings stagnate

14. 1797 – John Adams sends diplomats to France to negotiate an end to the hostilities. French minister refuses to meet with the U.S. commission unless he receives a bribe of $250,000 ‣ Becomes known to the American press as the XYZ Affair ‣ “Money, money, money!” says the five-headed monster

15. 1798 – Quasi-War (undeclared naval war) erupts with France. Second Annual Message of John Adams (1789) ‣ Informing Congress about the problems resulting from the XYZ Affair ‣ Calls seizing cargo of American ships and “act of war” that must be resisted

16. Quasi-War with France (1798-1800) Quasi-War with France (1798-1800) Retaliation for Jay’s Treaty Lack of support for France in their current war with Britain ★ Adams was pressured by Federalists in cabinet to go to war. ★ He resisted asking for an official declaration of war, but began arming merchant ships. French motives for Quasi War: American motives for Quasi War: French naval vessels attacked American merchant ships bound for England French minister attempts to extort a bribe from US representatives to restore diplomacy (XYZ Affair)

17. Adams’ Domestic Policy 1798 and 2001...more connected than they may seem

18. ACLU Files Lawsuit Against Patriot Act What does ACLU stand for? What do you think their purpose is? Why is the ACLU filing this lawsuit?

19. ACLU Legal Team v. Justice Department Legal Team Using the Patriot Act and the Bill of Rights... - YOU pick a partner - Select & write out 3 pieces of evidence you would use to support your position. - Select & write out 1 piece of evidence that you can use to defend yourself against the opposition. - You will turn in your evidence at the end of class. Your evidence will soon be used to confront an opposing pair- make sure it is compelling & convincing!

20. Starting class on Monday- you will evaluate the arguments of your peers. Come to class with all evidence prepared You will evaluate and be evaluated by your peers

21. Personal Reflection: The Patriot Act was passed by Congress in the aftermath of 9/11 and in the midst of the Bush Administration’s “War on Terror.” Should the federal government have the power to limit civil liberties during wartime or during times of national emergency? Why or why not? (Copy this question onto your paper & respond)

22. Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts In 1798, the Federalist dominated Congress and the Adams administration passed four bills that became known as the Alien & Sedition Acts: Required a 14 year residency period for aliens prior to naturalization as a U.S. citizen Gave the President power to deport “all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States” Allowed for the arrest and deportation of resident adult aliens from a hostile nation during wartime Prohibited the publication of “scandalous and malicious” writings against the government or its officials, under penalty of fine or imprisonment

23. Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts What was a potential motive of the Adams Administration in passing these acts… a) …given what we know about U.S. foreign relations at the time? b) …given what we know about the domestic political issues of the time?