1. BEGINNING GENEALOGY Where did I come from? (Red words in this presentation are vocabulary words; underlined text are links to Internet sites where samples and examples of information can be found)

2. Where do I begin? Start with what you know –Begin by listing the family members you know about –ANCESTORS go BACK from an individual –DESCENDANTS go FORWARD from an individual –Siblings (brothers and sisters) are not included in ancestor charts On the chart: –Males go on top lines –Females go on bottom lines – always with their maiden name: surname before they are married

3. Family Charts Your handout is a 4-generation chart4-generation chart More common chart is 8 ½” x 14”, five generation chart There is also an 8 ½” x 11”, five generation chart

4. Too Much Information? There can NEVER be too much information, but you CAN have more than will fit on your five generation chart. –Numbers show how to continue to next sheet Other charts are available for showing your information –9 generation pedigree –10 generation circular –10 generation computer generated (produces 8 ½ x 11)

5. But what about those siblings? They don’t belong on regular pedigree charts There are FAMILY GROUP SHEETS which let you record ALL the information about a family. They allow you to list:FAMILY GROUP SHEETS –Parents of the main couple in the family –Children –Children’s spouses –Grandchildren

6. Dead Ends? Really? Once you have your information in your charts, you need to look for “dead ends”: –These are end-of-line people whose parents you do not know –This is where your research begins...

7. Dates, Ages, Places If you have dates (or A date) on this person, you will know the time period to look for. If you have no date, approximate the age based on what you know of the child. If you have no place, you will have to guess based on what you know of others in the family.

8. Birth Records Until recently, most states did not have birth records, so you will be looking for: –Family Bible records –Church baptismal records –Town records –Doctor or midwife records Look for marriage records in same place if they are not available from the state; also look for minister’s records – these may be separate from church if the minister was a “circuit rider”

9. Beginning to Research When you go to research, you want to look first for work already done on your family SURNAME. –Family Histories –Surname Index –City Directories

10. Getting Deeper and Deeper... Look for ABSTRACTS and INDEXES: –These are records compiled by others covering the geographic area and approximate time period of your ancestor. Look for books with indexes Books without indexes should be saved until later – they will require more time probably

11. Types of Records ABSTRACTS: books with a brief synopsis of the records they cover INDEXES: these index other records or books –Could be index for a book with no original index –Could be records like court, church, deed, or census records

12. Types of Records WPA records in Tennessee –These cover a variety of topics in each county, especially court records –Available in the State Lib. & Archives in Nashville –Most county libraries have them on microfilm

13. Types of Records Cemetery records: will list various cemeteries and those buried there –INSCRIPTIONS IN STONE is a good one for Henry County –There are a variety of ways of organizing these, so look at how the book is arranged first; see if there are any specific directions for using the book

14. Types of Records Church records may also be found in libraries, but you may have to go to the church to get them –Some of the early ones have interesting stories about church business, but you are looking for Marriages Births Deaths Baptisms/Christenings But if all you can find of your ancestor is where he was dismissed from the church, be glad you have it: it is better than no record at all!

15. Types of Records Original records –In Tennessee especially, but in other states to some degree, these are on microfilm – both in the county library and the State L & A –County court records Wills Administrations Probates Guardianships Deeds

16. Types of Records Deeds can show a variety of things: –They ALWAYS indicate a change in circumstance –Sometimes may say “... late of the state/county of _____” –Land may be divided among family members who will be named –Marriage of a child may bring gift of land (“for love and affection...”) –Sale of land to pay debts –Land used as collateral for a loan

17. Types of Records Newspaper obituaries –Obviously give date of death, but – most importantly – give surviving relatives –In older papers, these are spread throughout the paper; only in later papers are they clustered together –May not be available for early dates or in rural areas Funeral home records – also very good if available

18. Types of Records Census records –By far the most commonly accessed records –Beginning in 1790, there has been a federal census every 10 years. They are only released after 72 years, however. –Censuses at other special times – like before Tennessee became a state (or other states also) –Only census NOT available is the 1890: fire destroyed that census data –Information on the census has differed from year to year

19. Census Records There are census recording sheets for each censuscensus recording sheets Before1850, only the heads of households were listed by name. –There was a columnar numeric system for showing how many males and females of what age were in the household After 1850, all individuals in the household are listed along with some very helpful information for the researcher.

20. Census Records Problems with the 1850? –Census takers paid for their own ink – some of the records (usually only the pages you need) were written with watered down ink and are now so faded they are difficult to read –Since the census takers were on horseback, they sometimes chose not to ford a swollen river or trek 5 miles over a mountain to get to one house: They would go into the local general store and ask for information about outlying households –But even with its notorious inaccuracies, it is STILL the MAJOR starting place for many researchers

21. Census Records But since the census is taken house by house, there is NO alphabetical way of finding someone. So... There have been INDEXES for each census created BY STATE. There are varying degrees of “in depth” indexing here, but, again, ANY index is better than NO index!

22. Census Records By 1880, the population had grown so much that a new indexing system had to be developed. This system is called the SOUNDEX system: SOUNDEX system –You determine a letter and number CODE for the surname you are looking for (the formula for determining this is located near the census cabinet where the microfilm is located). –Once you have the film, the names are alphabetical by first name (or initial) within each number division. You may need help using it the first couple of times; don’t feel bad, we ALL needed help with it!

23. Internet? Just a few brief words about the Internet and research: –Some people find a lot of information about their families on the Internet; don’t be disappointed if you are NOT one of those people. –On the last slide I have listed some URL’s for sites that may prove helpful to you; searching these sites is just like looking anywhere else: you’ve got to be aware of how the information is arranged and how it was accumulated. In other words, just how accurate is it?

24. Internet? And even more so with Internet, be SURE of your source: –always ask for an original source or copy of original document to back up what you have found –ANYONE can put down information linking you to Louis XIV of France, but without the proper documentation, it is not worth the paper it is written on

25. Internet? Use “delimiters” when doing a search on the Internet –I prefer using Google.com as my search engine because its “advanced setting” lets you “fill in the blanks” and specify things to search for or things NOT to search for.Google.com –Remember that unless someone put your family’s information into some database out there somewhere, you will NOT find it!

26. Internet? Also, remember that when you search on the Internet, you don’t want to just type in your surname – or even the surname and a first name: you could get several hundred thousand hits! –Always include the word “genealogy” in your search –You might also include the specific KIND of record you want: like marriage records or death records

27. Ready, Set, Go...! These are just a few things to help you get started. There are genealogy societies in most communities who would love to have you join and who have members who can often help with questions you have. Often there are volunteers working at the public library who are willing to help you find the information you need But the most important thing you can do is ASK...

28. Ready, Set,... Go! Ask those older family members who are still living in your family – before they are gone and the history they know is gone with them. This is the most frequent mistake genealogists make - and it is the one that can be remedied if we act in time. Take a tape recorder, a video recorder or some such item and record your family’s history... future generations will be glad you did!

29. INTERNET LINKS The next screen has several links to internet sites. Remember that not all sites require documentation for people to list information. Always check with the person who posted the information to find out what source they used to find their information.

30. http://www.kbyu.org/ancestors –Excellent link to assist in all phases of research http://www.ancestry.com –Many records, some free, some by subscription http://www.GenForum.com –Excellent way to communicate with others of your surname (sub-section of Genealogy.com) http://www.genealogy.com –Another helpful site for all phases of research http://www.clarksville.org/pulley/index.htm –Excellent source of MANY additional links from handwriting to Melungeons http://www.cyndislist.com/ –One of the most complete lists of sources you’ll find http://www.ancestry.com/save/charts/census.htm –charts for recording census information http://broadcasting.byu.edu/ancestors/charts/ –various ancestor and family group charts – FREE http://www.familysearch.org –Excellent site; remember that posting here does not require documentation: always find the original source