1. “ Global Safety Management: Revolution or Evolution?” Just Culture and Enforcement in the SMS Environment

2. Summaries, Conclusions, and Action Items 2 Major Discussion Points What is your understanding of just culture? –Is it a no-blame culture? Can we measure just culture? What is your understanding of and experience with enforcement in relation to SMS? What should the future oversight look like with SMS?

3. Summaries, Conclusions, and Action Items 3 Reaction from the Floor Punitive action guidelines used by industry--How do they match with the actions of the Ministry of Justice? –Recognize that in case of gross misconduct, judgment by regulator may lead to criminal case. Enforcing foreign operators not having implemented SMS Guaranteeing a fair and just culture with employer, regulator/employees when conducting interviews with the reporter: How are records from interview represented, evidence taken is accurate and correct, and security maintained? –Two ways to kill a voluntary reporting system: punishment and non- feedback, agree to consider protocols. How EASA Member States with different enforcement programs will deal with the single EASA SMS program.

4. Summaries, Conclusions, and Action Items 4 Outcomes/Additional Ideas There was general agreement among the panel members about the following: Understanding of Just Culture means  Climate of trust where incidents are reported and treated fairly.  No punitive system, unless willful misconduct/gross negligence.  You can only measure unjust culture. Several instruments:  Non punitive reporting system.  Possibility to appeal. Challenges:  Need to find the right balance between what behaviour is acceptable and what is not. For the future oversight  Important that guidance is needed for implementation; distinguish between industry action, aviation authority action and/or action by the criminal justice system.  Stronger role for international organization.  EASA and Canada to learn from each other.  Authorities should focus more on performance based oversight.