1. Infrared Spectroscopy Chapters 16-17 Chapter 7- I

2. IR Selection Rules Change in dipole moment during vibration

3. http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/vibrat.html Water Vibrations http://chemmac1.usc.edu/Bruno/java/Vibrate.html Carbon Dioxide Vibrations

7. FT-IR

9. Retardation – difference in path length of two beams

10. Interferograms

14. Infrared Sources Glowbar Nernst glower Patented sources

15. Detectors DLaTGS (pyroelectric) MCT (semiconductor/quantum well) Thermodetectors ( not used for FT-IR, response time is too slow) –Thermocouple –Bolometer –Thermister

16. FT Method Advantages 1.Fellget Advantage (Multiplex Adv) –Collect all at once –Faster, don’t need to scan axis 2.Jaquinot Advantage (Throughput Adv) –No slits or optical elements to limit (attenuate) radiation 3.Connes Advantage –Internally calibrated w/ HeNe laser –Wavenumber calibration is: More accurate Better stability

17. Black Body Radiation Why don’t we use a light bulb as IR source? According to Black Body Radiation, it should give more intensity in IR region of spectrum.

23. ATR / Evanescent wave

26. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

28. Alcohols

29. Ketones and Aldehydes

30. Carboxylic Acids

31. Ethers

32. Esters

33. Unknowns

39. Raman Spectroscopy Chapters 18

41. Elastic scattering Photon scattered at same as incident photon Inelastic scattering Photon scattered at different as incident photon

43. e - cloud of molecule can be polarized by E.M. radiation It is possible to induce dipole moment using elect field of E.M. Size of induced dipole depends on polarizability of e - cloud Induced dipole moment polarizability Oscillating electric field

44. Raman Selection Rule  with vibration Polarizability changes with bond length/vibration Change in bond length

45. Gaussian Calculations CO 2 SF 6 Chloroform

50. kT I mportant concept in Thermo and Stat Mech

51. Vibrational Selection Rules RamanInfrared

52. 90° Scattering Instrumentation

54. Advantages and Disadvantages of Raman Advantages Water is weak scatterer Little sample prep Sharper peaks than IR Use of fiber optics Disadvantages Insensitive (LOD ~ 0.1%) Fluorescence interference –Trade off of / Int / fluor.

55. Resonance Raman

56. Surface Plasmons – electron oscillations at surface of a metal. Surface Plasmon Resonance – when freq of light photons matches the natural freq of oscillating surface electrons.

57. FT-Raman

58. Fiber-Optic Raman Spectrometer BP=band pass filter BR=band rejection filter

59. Imaging Spectrograph HoloPlex TE Cooled CCD Detector Slit Notch Control Electronics ProbeHead Invictus NIR Laser Kaiser Optical Systems Inc Rxn1 Raman system operating at 785 nm Instrumentation

61. Improving Raman Collection Efficiency

63. Crystal Hydrate Structure

64. Calibration - R AT - R MT

65. Phase Transformation upon Water Addition 1838.71700160015001400130012001100977.4 Raman Shift / cm-1 Int immediately 3 min 6 min 9 min 12 min 15 min 18 min

66. Apply Calibration to get Kinetic Transformation Profile