1. LEBANON Regional Water Seminar ENPI Countries Jordan, 21-24 March 2011 Peter Christiaens Infrastructure & Local Development Section EU Delegation to Lebanon

2. WATER & SANITATION IN LEBANON - Content State of Play –Country –Water Sector General Institutional & Organizational Financial & Commercial Legal & Regulatory –Environmental concerns –National Water Sector Strategy EU interventions –Bilateral –Regional

3. STATE OF PLAY - Country General –Volatile political situation –Strong economic performance but heavily indebted state –Strong social inequalities –Time consuming consensus building for political reasons –Patronage imbedded in all layers of society Public Sector –Poor service delivery –Lack of human resources –Weak policy planning, absence of LT vision & budgeting LEADS TO –Mismatch of investments –Non optimal use of financial resources

4. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector General situation –Key figures renewable water resources: 926 m³/capita/year* public water supply connection rate: 79% wastewater collecting systems connections: 60% more than 1/3 of network age of >30yr 48% of unaccounted water 8% of water treated service hours between 8 & 13 hours/day** water quality is low *1.000 m³/person/year Water Scarcity Treshold ** with the exception of parts of the city of Tripoli with 22h service is attained

5. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Institutional & Organizational –Law 221 of 2000 organizing the sector in Four (4) Regional Water Establishments (North, South, Beirut & Mount Lebanon, Bekaa) and the Litani Water Establishment Under supervision of the Ministry of Energy & Water (MoEW) – MoEW responsabilities Policy making, planning, conservation/resource management, regulation –Regional Water Establishments (WEs) responsibilities Planning and business operation

6. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Institutional & Organizational –Deficiencies in implementation of Law 221 Implementation of the law initiated but not fully concluded Transfer of functions to WE subject to several delays WE not fully administrative & financial autonomous MoEW still dedicated to projects/O&M Shortage of technical staff in MoEW (81% vacancies) and WEs (67% vacancies) No performance monitoring of WEs No clear allocation of planning and capital spending responsibilities

7. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Financial & Commercial Water supply –Flat tariff structure (average of 0,39 USD/m³) –Low collection rates (47% of subscribers) –Illegal connections no public support for installation of water meters Irrigation –Inefficient techniques –No volumetric charges –Relying on undeclared groundwater Waste water –No tariff applied

8. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Financial & Commercial © Booz – Allen - Hamilton PPP Participation vs. Sector Maturity Responsibility of Private Sector Service Contract Management Contract Lease Concession / BOT Divestiture / BOO Asset ownership with operational and commercial responsibility No asset ownership; with operational responsibilities Low cost recovery Full cost recovery Water Sector Maturity

9. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Financial & Commercial –Private Sector Participation Legal framework not ready Given inefficiency and low tariff collection, Management Contracts can be the only starting point Lebanon lags behind compared with other MENA countries on PSP experience

10. STATE OF PLAY – Water Sector Legal & Regulatory A Water Code has been prepared incorporating Integrated Water Resources Management approach (IWRM) A regulatory framework for Private Sector Participation has been prepared A National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) has been presented end 2010 identifying problems, actions and investments

11. STATE OF PLAY – Environmental concerns Pollution & Climate Change Water resources pollution –Groundwater pollution (increasing salinity due to over pumping/contamination by nitrates & pesticides) –Surface water pollution (bacteriological contamination, chemical contamination) –Permanent sources of pollution –Damages of flash flooding Wastewater –Coverage of waste water network 60% –Wastewater treatment 8% –Standards for wastewater discharge and wastewater reuse in agriculture available –No pollution control program implemented

12. STATE OF PLAY – Environmental concerns Water resources & climate change Predicted water scarcity for Lebanon by 2020 –No reliable data collection –No long term river, spring and snow covering program –No water usage scenarios available Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) –Cost of environmental degradation is 1% of GDP –SEA fully included in NWSS including economic & social considerations

13. STATE OF PLAY – National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) –Ensure water supply, irrigation and sanitation services over all the Lebanese territory on continuous basis and at optimal service levels, with a commitment to environmental, economic and social sustainability 16 initiatives identified –9 institutional & organizational initiatives to Address the deficiencies in the implementation of Law 221 Allocation of planning & capital spending responsibilities Improvement of the irrigation sector –2 financial & commercial initiatives Water supply, irrigation and wastewater tariff structure Prepare sector for Private Sector Participation

14. STATE OF PLAY – National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) 16 initiatives identified –2 legal & regulatory initiatives to Enactment of the Code de lEau Implication of the NWSS on legal requirements –3 environmental initiatives Refine climate change knowledge on water sector Improve water and wastewater quality Enhance the Strategic Environmental Assessment within the Water Sector

15. STATE OF PLAY – National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) Investment Plan –CAPEX 2011-2015: 5.086 USD Million –OPEX 2011-2015: 732 USD Million –Revenues 2011-2015: 600 USD Million with Maintained flat rate until 2014 Number of registered subscribers increased Collection rate improved to 60% by 2012 and 80% by 2015 BUT Lack of transparency & stakeholder consultation Very low institutional coordination

16. EU INTERVENTIONS – Bilateral Ongoing interventions –Mise en place des outils de gestion en resources eaux (MOTGE) project - 5 mio Equipment and trainings for Customer Management, Accounting/Finance, Geographic Information System (GIS), Computerized Maintenance for the 4 WE & Litani Establishment –Water Distribution & Local WWTP in the South in the frame of reconstruction after 2006 war Extending Water Distribution Network connecting 4.500 people in Bent Jbeil area 2 Boreholes impacting 210.000 people in Nabatieh area Rehabilitation of Water Reservoir (250 households), Water Pond (455 farmers) & Irrigation Channel (9000 farmers) 3 Municipal WWTP (Yohmor - 3.272 people, Kfar Sir – 5.844 people, Zaoutar – 5.559 people)

17. EU INTERVENTIONS – Bilateral Ongoing interventions –EU Water Working In absence of any coordination in the sector, the EU together with EU MS (Germany, Italy, France,….) initiated a coordination working group in the frame of the Paris Declaration on the Division of Labor During 2009 the group was extended with other important donors in the sector (UN agencies, WB, Arab Funds,…) Since beginning of 2010 the line Ministry took over the Presidency, GIZ is still providing the secretariat The EU Water Working Group followed and supported the realization of the NWSS and will be at the forefront of donors intervention

18. EU INTERVENTIONS – Bilateral Financing Agreement under approval (AAP 2010) –Support to Infrastructure Sector Strategies & Alternative Financing (SISSAF)of 9 mio Support to the Sectors of Energy, Water and Land Transport –Support in fine tuning Sector Strategy –Establish donor and stakeholder coordination –Link the Sector Strategy with the National Budget –Prepare and define bankable projects for financing –Comply with eligibility criteria for Sector Budget Support

19. EU INTERVENTIONS – Bilateral Ongoing EIB Loans –WWTP Keserwan (NIF): 70 mio (03/04/2009) Construction of Plant, network financed by AfD/KfW NIMBY problem. Feasibility mission EIB ongoing –WWTP Greater Beirut (Bourj Hammoud): 60 mio (28/12/2005) NIMBY problem. Feasibility study to start –WWTP Tyr: 45 mio (20/07/2004) Works ongoing. TA through FEMIP 2 times extended –WWTP Tripoli: 100 mio (10/09/1997) Works finalized but plant not fully operational as –Missing link with network –Heavy electricity bill –No capacity for Operation & Maintenance by the WE

20. EU INTERVENTIONS – Regional SEMIDE/EMWIS –Lebanese DGs Vice Presidents Horizon 2020 –MEHSIP/PPIF : feasibility for Al Ghadir WWTP –Capacity Building Mediterranean Environment Programme (MEP) –Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) Support to MED-EUWI SWIM Project

21. THANK YOU