1. “The Grid: History, Use and Meaning” by Jack Williamson

2. In advertising, grid becomes symbol of field of consciousness.

3. Symbolic Implications of the Grid “The grid established a visual relationship between depicted objects and events, removed from one another in space and time but spiritually linked by God.”

4. Late Medieval Grid Point-based Intersection-based The cross as grid (superphysical above, material below) focus on eyes (meditation) Religious content

5. Point-based Grids Matthias Grunewald, Crucifixion, 1512-1515

6. The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495

7. The Assumption and Consecration of the Virgin, Titian, 1516-1518

8. Renaissance & Cartesian - Transition from point-based to field base - Transition from sacred to secular content - Des Cartes, French philosopher & mathematician - Human reason valued over divine revelation - Science, rational mind - Foundations of analytical geometry - Grid represents process of rational thinking - Deism: idea that logic of nature demonstrates God’s existence

9. The Arrival and Reception of Marie de Medici of Marseilles, 1621- 1625

10. Raft of Medusa, Theodore Gericault, 1819 July 2, 1816 the French frigate Medusa wrecked off African coast. Senior officers left the crew. After 12 days, 15 had survived.

11. Liberty Leading the People, Eugene Delacroix, 1830

12. Death of Socrates, Drawing for the Painting, Jacques Louis David, 1787

13. Death of Socrates (Painting) Jacques Louis David, 1787

14. The Modern Grid Grid as content Use of Geometric Shapes Deco/Bauhaus Trends Cubism

15. Piet Mondrian, Composition in Blue, Red and Yellow, 1930

16. Postmodern Grid Grid is established, then violated Grid may become design element itself Chaotic sense of universe Antirationality, nihilism, irrationality

17. David Carson, Art Director

18. Page from Urban Diary by Joseph Squier, 1995