1. Sensation & Perception

3. Sensation: The set of processes by which our sense organs receive information from the environment.  
Transduction: The process by which physical energy is converted into sensory neural impulses.
Perception: The set of processes by which people select, organize and interpret sensations.

4. Transduction

5. Transduction

6. Opponent Process Theory
During transferal from ganglion cells to visual cortex, output organized in terms of contrasting colors:
Red-Green
some cells stimulated by green and inhibited by red
others stimulated by red and inhibited by green
Blue-Yellow
Black-White

8. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap

9. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap
·     Height in field of view

10. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo) · Overlap
·     Height in field of view
Below horizon, nearer objects are lower in the plane
Above horizon, nearer objects are higher in the plane

11. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap
·     Height in field of view
·     Linear perspective 

13. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap
·     Height in field of view
·     Linear perspective
·     Atmospheric perspective

14. Retinal Size

15. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap
·     Height in field of view
·     Linear perspective
·     Atmospheric perspective
·     Familiar size

16. x

18. Pictorial cues (can be detected in drawing or photo)
·     Overlap
·     Height in field of view
·     Linear perspective
·     Atmospheric perspective
·     Familiar size
·     Shadows & brightness

20. Ocular motor cues (signals from eye muscles)
·     Convergence

21. Ocular motor cues (signals from eye muscles)
·     Convergence
·    Accommodation

22. Binocular disparity

24. If your SSN ends in an EVEN number, CLOSE your eyes
If your SSN ends in an ODD number, keep your eyes OPEN
If your SSN ends in an ODD number, CLOSE your eyes
If your SSN ends in an EVEN number, keep your eyes OPEN

25. Top-down and bottom-up processing

26. Visual Illusions

27. Ponzo Illusion

33. Muller-Lyer Illusion

37. Here is a visual-perception challenge for you
Here is a visual-perception challenge for you. See how quickly you can find the dogs in the picture on the next slide. For some reason, men seem to do better at this than women.
Hint: The dogs appear to be white with black spots.

39. The following are average times
for men and women: Women minutes Men seconds
Typical Comments by People Taking the Test
1. "I couldn't see a dog and I stared at the picture for a good 10 minutes." - Jennifer 2. "I think it is one of those pictures where you have to stare at a certain spot and then everything comes into focus, but it never happened to me.  I'll give it another try later." - Mary 3. "I almost didn't find the dogs at all!" - Jessica 4. "There is a dog in this picture? Where?" - Tara 5. "This must be a joke; there are no dogs in this picture." - Amanda