1. The Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) and the International Geophysical Year plus 50 (IGY + 50) Daniel N. Baker Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder

2. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 In the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958), member countries established geophysical observatories around the world. These nations were pursuing major IGY objectives – to collect geophysical data as widely as possible and to provide free access to these data for all scientists around the globe. international Geophysical Year Episode II Several major international initiatives – such as the International Polar Year, the International Heliophysical Year, and the International Year of the Planet Earth – were proposed to commemorate and to follow on from the original IGY… e-SCIENCE STRIKES BACK! By the beginning of the 21 st century, scientists had achieved an unparalleled ability to acquire data and attained a good understanding of traditional regions – the troposphere, the magnetosphere and other such “spheres.” Much of the new and important science was coming from the study of the boundaries between these regions and of coupling between geophysical domains. Thus, there was a need to make data available in a readily accessible form and much greater quantities to a wider range of scientists than ever before.

3. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The First International Polar Year (1881-1884) The records of the first IPY offer a rare glimpse of the circumpolar Arctic environment as it existed in the past. Primary IPY Stations in the Arctic: 1. Cap Thordsen 2. Bossekop 3. Sodankylä 4. Maylye Karmakuly 5. Kara Sea 6. Ssagastyr 7. Point Barrow 8. Fort Rae 9. Fort Conger 10. Kingua Fjord 11. Godthaab 12. Jan Mayen Auxiliary Stations

4. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The Second International Polar Year (1932-1933) The International Meteorological Organization proposed the Second IPY. Forty nations participated : It heralded advances in meteorology, magnetism, atmospheric science, and in the “mapping” of ionospheric phenomena. Forty permanent observation stations were established in the Arctic. In Antarctica, the U.S. contribution was the second Byrd Antarctic expedition.

5. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 International Geophysical Year 1957 – 1958 (Third International Polar Year) Allowed scientists to participate in global observations of geoscientific phenomena using common instruments and data processing Gathered data on geoscientific phenomena from around the world Established the World Data Center system Educated the public and policy makers on the value of the geosciences

6. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007

7. From IGY 1957-58 …. ….. to eGY 2007-08 HY IPY The Electronic Geophysical Year

8. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 International Year of Planet Earth The International Year of Planet Earth plans two main lines of activity: a Science Program and Outreach Programs. The Science Program will be channeled into ten broad, societally relevant multidisciplinary themes. The Outreach Programs set out numerous ways in which greater attention can be drawn to the relevance to society of the Earth Sciences.

9. 1.U.N. Developing Nations Initiative 2. “IGY Gold” Historical Initiative 3. Education/ Public Outreach 1. Scientists 2. Institutes and Scientific Orgs 3. Events 4. Observatories 5. Campaigns 1. IHY Secretariat 2. Regional Organizers 3. National Organizers 4.WorkingGroups Leadership: Special Programs: Organizational Elements:

10. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 ICSU and WMO are co-sponsoring: An intensive burst of internationally coordinated, interdisciplinary, scientific research and observations focused on the Earth’s Polar regions starting in 2007 International Polar Year 2007-2008

11. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 1.Current Status of Polar Regions 2.Change in the Polar Regions 3.Global Linkages 4.New Frontiers 5.Polar Regions as Vantage Points 6.The Human Dimension The Human Dimension also runs through the first five themes Data Management and Education, Outreach & Communication run through all six themes IPY Themes

12. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 eGY : Embrace and extend IGY principles Exploit evolving e-Science opportunities –International cooperation and sharing –Global, cross-disciplinary scope –Free, universal, open access to data –Timely and convenient access to data –Data preservation –Capacity building, especially in developing. countries –Education and public outreach –Data integration and knowledge discovery

13. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) eGY is intended to facilitate, inform, stimulate, encourage, and promote: –Modern data access and services (e-Science) –Establishment of virtual observatories throughout the geosciences –Cooperation among international bodies –Data discovery, release, and preservation –Capacity building and outreach

14. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Growth of Internet Connectivity

15. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Growth of Computing Capabilities

16. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The e-Science Environment

17. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The Emergence of the Information Society Official program for the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Tunis, 16-18 November 2005

18. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 More than 20,000 petabytes of digital information are stored in various media in our world every year – and the rate is growing exponentially 240 terabytes/year 627,000 terabytes/year 427,000 terabytes/year Print Media Magnetic (Server) Media Optical (CD –DVD) Media Film Media 83 terabytes/year 1,066,000 terabytes/year Magnetic (PC and Tape) Media Effectively Infinite Information

19. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 OUR GOAL: Transform Information into Wisdom KnowledgeInformationWisdom “Before you become too entranced with gorgeous gadgets and mesmerizing video displays,let me remind you that information is not knowledge, knowledge is not wisdom, and wisdom is not foresight. Each grows out of the other, and we need them all. " Arthur C. Clarke There is an incredible amount of data being collected and information being generated. What will we do with it?

20. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Challenges: distributed data, cross-disciplinary data, large and complex data sets, open data access and sharing, data discovery, data preservation, data rescue,.. interoperability … Complex System science Higher resolution – space and time Rapid response Data assimilation into models Drivers of science in the 21st century

21. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Complex Systems: The Global Climate Change Science Program

22. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 GEO - Group on Earth Observations GEOSS - Global Earth Observation System of Systems GEM – Global Environment Modelling project GMES – Global Monitoring for Environment and Security IWGEO – Interagency Working Group on Earth Observation IGOS – International Global Observing Strategy IGOS-P - International Global Observing Systems Partners IGOSS – International Global Observing System of Systems IGGOS – Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System GOS - Global Observing Systems GCOS - Global Climate Observing System GOOS - Global Ocean Observing System GTOS - Global Terrestrial Observing System GOSIC - The Global Observing Systems Information Center GOS/GAW - Global Observing System/ Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO) ESONET – European Sea Floor Observatory Network EOSDIS – Earth Observing System Data and Information System Earth Observing Systems

23. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Attributes of an Integrated Global Observing System India INSAT U.S. GOES Sustained Integrated Comprehensive Global

24. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 “Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity.” Adama Samassekou Convener of the United Nations World Summit on the Information Society “The Information Commons”

25. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 eGY Declaration We have a shared responsibility to create and implement strategies to realize the full potential of digital information for present and future generations. In the 21 st century and beyond, access to digital information and new technologies for information integration and knowledge discovery will influence the free and productive development of societies around the world. In the geosciences, as elsewhere, providing ready and open access to the vast and growing collections of cross-disciplinary digital information is the key to understanding and responding to complex Earth system phenomena that influence human survival. Article 1: Data access Article 2: Data release Article 3: Data description Article 4: Data persistence Article 5: Data rescue Article 6: Common standards and cooperation Article 7: Capability building Article 8: Education and public outreach “Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity”

26. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 eGY Impact eGY will provide a springboard to the future in much the same way that the IGY did 50 years ago. Growing out of the eGY and other I*Y efforts will be a global, comprehensive, and engaging program of geoscience research that motivates and enables scientists, policy-makers, students, and teachers to move forward into the 21 st century and exploit fully the information that pervades the modern world.

27. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007

28. How can digital technologies enhance information management and knowledge discovery in our global society?

29. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Recommendations for the I*Ys Don’t reinvent the wheel Use existing software – relational databases, metadata management, visualization packages, etc. Consider the Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) reference model as a good starting point Consider a structured storage where data are stored in tiers (real- time, recent, campaign, deep archive). Portal site should include community tools like a Wiki, software libraries. The eGY has a “Best Practices” for scientific archives group. Use standards, like FGDC, SPASE to get broader buy-in.

30. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 eGY Working Groups Virtual Observatory Working Group –Facilitating interoperability –Closely linked to the AGU focus group on informatics Best Practices for Data Management –What are the attributes of successful systems (including people) –Focus on access and usability –Initial effort sponsored by CODATA Data Integration and Knowledge Discovery –Truly interdisciplinary understanding of data and information Education and Outreach –Connecting teachers to virtual observatories Data Rescue and Preservation

31. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007

32. Structure Executive Director –Dan Baker, LASP Secretariat: To conduct eGY business; located at LASP & NOAA, Boulder –Secretary: Bill Peterson –Communications: Marissa Rusinek –Public Relations : Emily CoBabe-Ammann International Committee: Policy, planning, opportunity identification, scientific links (representatives from key participants and regions) –Chair: C. Barton Thematic Working Groups –Virtual Observatories (Peter Fox, V. Papitashvili, Aaron Roberts) –Data Integration & Knowledge Discovery (Paul Berkman) –Best Practices - joint with CODATA (Herb Kroehl, Eric Kihn) –Education/Public Outreach (Emily CoBabe-Ammann)

33. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Attractions of eGY Timely – Virtual Observatory software is becoming available; e- Science initiatives are spreading Interdisciplinary - data sharing and data accessibility are common issues in all areas of the geosciences Affordable – low budget needs; technology development is funded elsewhere Inclusive – opportunities for developed and developing countries Appealing to young scientists - fast, convenient, comprehensive data access Complements I*Y initiatives - IPY, IYPE, IHY, and CAWSES Education and Outreach - Connecting teachers, students, policy makers and the public to scientific data. Capacity Building - can be used to reduce the digital divide

34. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Suppose you study space weather and… you need to know more about the Sun’s output? How do you find the data?

35. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 Suppose you study Mars and… you need to know how solar outputs affect the Martian atmosphere? Where do you get satellite information?

36. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 The Interoperability Era

37. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007

38. Meeting Announcement An eGY Open Forum will be held in the Cassiopée Room from 17:30 to 19:30 on Friday 22 July. eGY representatives will also be in the room from 16:00 to discuss eGY issues with interested individuals.

39. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 [Courtesy of J.C. Green, CU/LASP] Virtual Radiation Belt Observatory (VRBO)

40. Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007 To get scientific data from various, mostly distributed sources, scientists have had to: 5.… finally, do some science 4.process data using mostly proprietary codes, run models… 3.ingest retrieved data into a local database… 2.get data via snail-mail, air- mail, e-mail, Web… 1.Search through data centers, various institutions, observatories, contact colleagues…