1. Cross-border and inter-regional cooperation: new actors and institutions in Brazil Cross-border and inter-regional cooperation: new actors and institutions in Brazil Sérgio Duarte de Castro Ministry of National Integration Secretary of Regional Development

2. South Bow North Bow Central Bow Brazilian border 150 Km wide 15,719 Km long 11 States 588 municipalities (122 bordering, 28 Twin Cities) 27% of national territory 10 Countries Approximately 10 million people

3. History => Population concentrated along the Atlantic coast Low population density and weak economic activity along the border GDP concentrated in the South and Southeast

4. Defense & Developement Historically there have been two approaches: defense and development Approach that emphasizes defense –> Up until the 80s was considered a barrier against external threats Emphasis on development and continental integration - > Focus on the border region as a place full of opportunities for development, allegiance with neighboring countries and appreciation of citizenship. Regional development considered a priority strategy. National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) -> policies in multiple territorial scales to reduce regional inequalities => Development Program of Border Strip (PDFF)

5. Development Program of Border Strip (PDFF ) The core policy objectives Promote economic and social development in regions on both sides of common borders seeking the integration and activation of local potential Articulate investments in social and economic infrastructure to support the process of economic and population density of less dynamic regions of the frontier zone and the integration of South America. To strengthen the conditions of citizenship of the local population and the organization of civil society Through: Structuring and strengthening clusters; Supporting the setting up supplementary social and productive infrastructure; Fostering social organization and collective association. Qualifying agents for development

6. Financing instruments Allocated to the border areas (2007-2010) Growth Acceleration Program - PAC : 3.8 billion (2007-2010) Mercosur structural convergence fund - FOCEM: 280 million (2007-2010) Allocated to underdeveloped regions with large areas of borders (2007-2010) North constitutional Fund - FNO: 3.3 billion Amazon Development Fund - FDA: 1.7 billion Midwest constitutional Fund - FCO: 5.3 billion Amazon Fund: 280 million in 2011 (until 2015: 745 million) ( 1.0 = R$ 2.45 26/09/2011)

7. Other Initiatives and Programs Project Calha Norte (Ministry of Defense) To promote increased population density and a greater presence of public authority at Calha Norte. Strengthening regional infrastructure (roads, health clinics, schools) and increased military presence (Border Platoons, SIVAM, PEF) Integrated Health System at the Frontier SIS-Saúde (Ministry of Health) To promote the integration of health systems at the municipalities bordering neighbor countries Bilingual Border Schools Program (Ministry of Education) To set up bilingual schools at the Twin Cities on both sides of the border, with exchange programs for teachers and students and joint schoolwork planning. IIRSA - Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America To bridge the geographical gaps of the 12 countries in South America, through joint investments in logistic infrastructure (international bridges, highways, railways and waterways)

8. Permanent Commission for Integration and Development of Border Strip (CDIF) Presidential Decree 09/2010 Comprised of 20 government agencies (ministries and others) Functions and powers : To coordinate and promote the convergence of sectoral public policies along the border To set up an information system for management of the initiatives To establish local committees at the 10 Brazilian States located along the border Promote cross-border cooperation to address common challenges (infrastructure, public health, education, employment, environment, combat organized crime)

9. Ministry of National Integration Sérgio Castro Secretary of Regional Development SBN Qd. 02 Lote 11 Ed. Apex Brasil, Portaria B 2º Subsolo 70040-020 Brasília DF - Brazil Fone: 55 61 3414.5619/5425 Mobile: 55 61 9824-0464 Fax: 55 61 3414.5711 sergio.castro@integracao.gov.br