1. Chapter 25: The New Imperialism
Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Section 2: The Partition of Africa
Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Section 4: The British Take Over India
Section 5: China and the New Imperialism

2. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Summary:
Economic, political and military interests spurred economic imperialism in the 1800s

3. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
From 1870 until 1914, the major nations of Europe searched for new colonies
Their industries needed raw materials
They also needed markets to sell their goods

4. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Most Europeans favored Imperialism, or domination by one country of the political and economic life of another country

5. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Soldiers, traders, settlers and missionaries were most eager to colonize new lands
Still, some Europeans were against empire-building
They said it was wrong to seek democracy at home, but take freedom away from others in foreign lands

6. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
The western powers had strong armed forces and new weapons
They gained lands in Africa and Asia with little trouble
Some countries fought the invaders but had little success

7. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Some western powers set up colonies and chose officials to rule local people
The French used direct-rule
They sent officers from France to run their colonies
The British used indirect-rule
They chose local officers who knew the inner workings of the colonies to run them

8. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
Some powers set up protectorates
In a protectorate, the local rulers stayed in place but European advisors controlled trade and sent missionaries

9. Section 1: A Western-Dominated World
A third form of control was the sphere of influence
In this case, an outside power claimed all rights to make investments or conduct trade

10. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
Summary:
In the late 1800s, European powers began colonizing Africa

11. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
In the late 1800s, the powers of Europe wanted new colonies
They turned their attention to Africa
By 1914, people in all African lands, but Ethiopia & Liberia was subjects of foreign rule

12. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
Europeans of 1800 knew little of Africa
Still, they helped shape its history
Since the 1500s, traders had sold African slaves
At last, in the 1800s, Europe outlawed the slave trade

13. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
Christian missionaries came to Africa to convert people to Christianity
They built churches, schools and clinics
Missionaries intended to help the people they came in contact with, but often tried to replace native culture with their own

14. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
Westerners had long traded on the coasts of Africa
In the 1800s, explorers went inland
The King of Belgium formed a company to trade in the Congo
Soon other moved deep into Africa
These nations wanted to avoid conflict over African lands

15. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
In 1884, they met at a conference in Berlin, Germany (Berlin Conference)
They did not invite any Africans
The Berlin Conference set the rules for colonizing Africa
Britain took smaller regions, most of them rich in resources
Belgium, Germany, Italy and Portugal also gained lands

16. Section 2: The Partition of Africa
In many regions, Africans battled these European invaders
In 1896, Ethiopia fought off Italian forces
It was the only successful fight for freedom

17. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Summary:
During the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was threatened by economic decline, nationalism and the ambitions of European powers

18. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
In the 1500s, huge Muslim empires ruled from western Africa to Southeast Asia
The largest, the Ottoman Empire, stretched across the Middle East, North Africa, and part of Eastern Europe

19. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
By 1800, the Ottoman Empire faced problems that would tear it apart
Regions talked of breaking from the empire
Some Balkan states gained freedom, and Egypt slipped from Ottoman control
Revolts shook Arabia, Lebanon and Armenia

20. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
In the 1890s, Turkish Muslims accursed Christians Armenians of supporting plans against the empire
The Turks used this as an excuse to kill tens of thousands of Armenians

21. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Europe watched the Ottoman empire crumble, with Britain, France, Germany and Russia all hoping to gain control of Ottoman lands

22. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Egypt in 1800 was on its way to becoming a modern nation
Its Ottoman governor, Muhammad Ali, became known as the “father of Modern Egypt.”
He built up industry, backed irrigation projects and encouraged world trade

23. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Before Ali died in 1849, Egypt was becoming a power in the Middle East
Leaders after Ali, however, allowed foreign control
Britain gained the Suez in 1875
In 1882, it made Egypt a protectorate

24. Section 3: European Challenges to the Muslim World
Like the Ottoman Empire, Iran drew interest
Russia gained some power in the north
Britain gained some in the south
In the early 1900s, the discovery of oil in Iran upset the balance
The Russians, the British, and Iranian nationalists all set out to control the oil fields

25. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
Reformers felt only a new government could save China
In 1911, nationalist leader, Sun Yixian led a revolution that ended the Qing Dynasty

26. Section 4: The British Take Over India
Summary:
Following a failed rebellion in 1857, the British Government increased its control of India

27. Section 4: The British Take Over India
In the 1800s, a trade group called the British East India Company controlled over half of India
Agents used Indian soldiers, or sepoys, to protect their power
They angered the sepoys by ignoring Indian customs and demanding that the soldiers follow rules that were against their religions

28. Section 4: The British Take Over India
In 1857, anger turned into the Sepoy Rebellion
Many lives were lost before Britain crushed the revolt
Britain saw the East India Company could not keep control
In 1858, Britain made India a colony

29. Section 4: The British Take Over India
The British tried to solve problems in India, but only caused new ones
Better farming methods and health care sparked a population boom that increased poverty and brought famine
Imported goods put local industries out of business
Top jobs went to the British
It became clear to the Indians that the British looked down on them

30. Section 4: The British Take Over India
Sons of upper class Indians often went to school in England
As they learned about democracy, many began to desire freedom for their own people
In 1885, they founded the Indian National Congress (INC)

31. Section 4: The British Take Over India
The early 1900s brought demands for self-rule
By 1906, Muslims began to fear the Hindu-run INC
Muslims formed the Muslim League and called for a separate Muslim state

32. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
Summary:
During the 1800s, western powers used democracy and war to win favorable trade agreements with China

33. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
Since 1644, rulers of the Qing Dynasty had isolated China
They allowed foreign trade only through one small area in southern China
In the 1800s, western nations looked to China for trade rights and new markets for goods

34. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
When British merchants brought in Opium, the Chinese outlawed the drug
In 1839, the Opium War began
Britain quickly won the war
China was forced to pay war costs and open up ports to British trade
It also had to give Britain the island of Hong Kong

35. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
By the mid-1800s, some Chinese saw a need to import western ideas
Others, including the Qing rulers, saw new ideas and Christian missionaries as threats to Confucian traditions

36. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
Wars and rebellions continued to weaken China
In 1850 peasants rose up in the 14-year Taiping Rebellion
At the end of the rebellion, a weakened Qing Dynasty still clung to power

37. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
In 1868, China lost Taiwan and Korea to Japan
The powers of Europe quickly gained holds in a weakened China

38. Section 5: China and the New Imperialism
The United States called for an “OPEN DOOR POLICY” that gave it equals rights to trade in China

39. Chapter 25 Review

40. Chapter 25 Review
School
Natives
United States

41. Chapter 25 Review Causes of Imperialism Economic Motives
The Industrial Revolution created an insatiable demand for raw materials and new markets.
Nationalism
European nations wanted to demonstrate their power and prestige to the world.
Balance of Power
European nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbors and competitors.
White Man's Burden
The Europeans’ sense of superiority made them feel obligated to “civilize the heathen savages” they encountered.