1. A 72 Channel 125 MSPS Analog-to-Digital Converter Module for Drift Chamber Readout for the GlueX Detector G. Visser 1, D. Abbot 2, F. Barbosa 2, C. Cuevas 2, H. Dong 2, E. Jastrzembski 2, B. Moffit 2, B. Raydo 2 1 Indiana University Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter 2 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Introduction The GlueX detector system, now under construction for Jefferson Lab Hall D includes the 3098 channel straw tube central drift chamber (CDC) surrounding the target, and the 24 layer planar cathode strip forward drift chamber (FDC) in the forward region. The FDC has 2304 anode wires with discriminator/TDC readout and 10368 cathode strips. An 8 channel frontend ASIC has been developed for these detectors in TSMC 0.25 µm CMOS technology. † The CDC and the cathode strips of the FDC, a total of 13466 channels, require 12 bit ADC (waveform digitizer) readout capable of deadtimeless operation at up to 200 kHz trigger rate, providing drift time measurements with <2 ns rms error, pulse amplitude measurement for position interpolation from cathode strips in the FDC, and pulse integral measurement for dE/dx determination in both detectors. Hit rates may be up to 300 kHz in some FDC channels. The combination of maximum drift time ~1 µs and trigger rate requires a readout system capable of assigning one pulse to multiple events, an ambiguity to be resolved only later in track reconstruction. We have developed a high channel density VME64x solution for the drift chamber readout ADC, described here. It supports a sample clock up to 125 MHz. Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. Design choices Some compromises are necessary for maximum channel density. The analog signal path must be kept relatively simple. In particular: A passive shaper uses no power, little board area An ADC driver stage is not necessary if we can keep the drive impedance reasonably low without it Differential drive is not necessary if the ADC uses a (relatively) high VDD and if we can tolerate a little nonlinearity However we do not compromise on the line receiver, this is the most crucial element. It is important to: Receive differential signal accurately Not inject common-mode ground noise back to cable & front end electronics Equalize cable frequency response Receiver / freq eq. Shaper ADC σ = 5.62 (12-bit: 1.40) 11.5 ENOB Open input: Typical FDC event (preliminary data from FDC prototype) ADC PS noise/ripple <1mV 1.026 MHz 20 MHz BWL 15 MHz* sine input, single event 100 pt readout 21 hostile (red) and 1 hostile (blue & brown) Indicates ~2% crosstalk in neighbor channels, acceptable but will try to reduce with layout improvements A linear regulator for ADC power (3.00 V @ 13 A) is impractical for this module. Solution: a low noise three phase buck converter using integrated synchronous 8A chips and an external reference and error amp. Achieves <1mV output noise and ripple. Switching frequency not detectable in ADC output noise spectrum. Measured efficiency is 89%. DAC per channel σ = 0.43σ = 0.52 Noise and linearity are evaluated with open input and with 14.9 MHz sine input. Nonlinearity ≈ 0.05 % ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO … (36 ch total) … ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO … (36 ch total) … ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO ADCFEFIFO Mezzanine board Main board Processor FPGA Output FIFOVME slave 2eSST etc. Each 160 MB/s i.e. 400 words/evt @ 200 kHz 160 MB/s 1 MB 320 MB/s FE (Front-end processing): This includes acquisition buffer writing, point extraction, lookahead zero suppression, channel number & header insertion Channel data FIFO: 1024 words (16 bits + 2 flags, internal use only) XC3SD3400A-4 Frontend FPGA XC3S500E-4 12 total, 6 ch each Note: Output ripple is observed mainly at the per-phase switching frequency. The imbalance ripple dominates the ideal sum ripple! Nevertheless small enough. Power The bottom line… Noise and nonlinearity Features 72 channels in a 6U VME64x/VXS module, $55 per channel Assembly option for 12 or 14 bits Up to 125 MSPS, internal or external sample clock Differential input 440 mV full scale Cable loss equalization Shaper/anti-alias filter 24 ns peaking Independent offset DAC per channel Preamp test pulser output Acquisition buffer: Dual-port circular buffer, 2048 points (19.5 μ s) FPGA-based signal processing 1 MB buffer and 2eSST readout Remote firmware upload (VME) PECL/LVDS CLK & TRG input from VXS or P2 Processing FPGA Total power dissipation 58 – 68 W per module Current status 3 modules assembled & tested Interim firmware (FE deadtime, no block transfers) Deployed in support of CDC and FDC development Next steps: Full deadtimeless readout, 2eSST transfers Minor changed to layout (obsolence, crosstalk) Develop production test Pre-production run (20 modules) in early 2011 188 modules (+spares) in 2012 ADC (dual)Frontend FPGA Crosstalk Single event 1000 pt readout *Corresponds to peaking time ≈33 ns for combined system (preamp, cable, ADC) Two 10-layer boards w/ 6 planes (3 GND), 0.003” buried capacitance. † GAS II: A Versatile Wire Chamber Readout ASIC. N. Dressnandt, N. Doshi, M. Newcomer., IEEE NSS 2009. http://www.gluex.org/ System response Preamp + 18 m cable + ADC VME FPGA ±5.5 V supply (for receivers)