1. CA0932a Multimedia Development Lecture 7 History of Animation

2. History of Animation - why Background to Cartoon animation in flash Relevant and processes and principles are in many ways the same

3. History of Animation Animation is a series of static images used to create the illusion of movement Animation is not the drawing or creation of the drawing Animation is arrangement of drawings/images which convey the motion

4. History of Animation Being artistic helps but is not the essential. Good animators understand the importance of timing Good animators tell a good story Good animators make characters act well

5. History of Animation Various accounts of the history of animation Some names and events occur in every account Some ‘historians’ rate certain people and events more than others Every name and event mentioned is probably relevant

6. History of animation Animated films new in relation to history of time Animated films around since beginning of last century (1900) Drawings have been around for a lot longer Some cave dwellers still drawings show indications of movement

7. History of animation Other significant pre-film people and events Leonardo Da Vinci - Anatomical drawings indicated movement through muscles flexing Leonardo Da Vinci May indicate interest in animation

8. History of Animation Greek Astronomer Ptolemy and Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton They theorised that the retina of the eye retains the image of an object for a fraction of a second after the object has moved

9. History of Animation 1800’s 1824 Peter Roget – Persistence of vision with regard to moving objectsPeter Roget A potential use for this ‘persistence of vision’ To fool the eye into believing that a succession of slightly different images were in fact one moving image

10. History of animation 1800’s Devices developed for persistence of vision John Ayrton Paris - ThaumatropeThaumatrope Joseph Plateau’s – PhenakistoscopePhenakistoscope William Horner’s – Daedatelum or ZoetropeDaedatelum or Zoetrope Louis Lumiere’s motion picture camera Louis Lumiere’s Thomas Edison’s kinetoscope (projector).

11. History of animation 1900’s James Stuart Blackton - very first animated film - Humorous Phases of Funny Faces’ Others created similar, i.e. as a series of visual gags Otto Messmer - Felix the Cat Otto Messmer Winsor McCay -Gertie the Dinosaur Winsor McCay

12. History of animation 1920’s Studios rather than individuals prominent Disney Studio –Steam Boat Willie (1928)Steam Boat Willie

13. History of animation 1930’s- 70’s Disney pre-dominated and advanced the stakes with animation techniques Strict rules and standards were set 12 principles of animation were developed by a set of Disney animators Still used today – even web animation Principles make animation (character) more realistic and entertaining

14. History of Animation 1930’s- 70’s Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes Animators and voice actors as well known as cartoon characters E.g Chuck Jones, Tex Avery and Mel Blanc

15. History of Animation (1980’s – Present) Claymation Mixture of Live action and animation Computer Technology makes processes cheaper and easier Realistic animation merges with real life Amateur web animators finding recognition Amateur web animators Computer games companies employ many animators

16. Timeline One view of history

17. Examples of animation on the web http://producten.hema.nl/