1. Amber W. Bunce University of West Georgia Fall 2010

2. Cognitive Theories of Development Learning is a mental process. Emphasis is on conscious thoughts, intelligence and language Important theorist include Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development Theory) and Vygotsky (Sociocultural Cognitive Theory) Jean PiagetLev Vygotsky

3. Information-Processing Theory Development does not occur in stages Human input is comparative to the input functions of a computer People manipulate information, monitor it, and then strategize about it An individual’s ability to process information gradually increases and becomes more complex Older children have more complex and a larger variety of mental processes than those of younger children (Gale Research 1998)

4. Information-Processing: George A. Miller George A. Miller (Kearsley 2010)outlined major concepts to information-processing Basic principles to Miller’s theory Chunking – short-term memory can only comprehend 7 (plus or minus 2) chunks of information Concepts of human processing: gathering and encoding information; retention of information; retrieval of information (Cooper 2009)

5. Information-Processing: Allan Paivio Dual-encoding theory Verbal and non-verbal encoding occurs Verbal and non-verbal encoding are both equally important to processing Research based on Paivio’s dual-encoding theory has been beneficial and used in bilingual education (Kearsley 2010)

6. Information-Processing: In the Classroom Starting class: Gain attention Visual cues, voice inflection, movement Access Prior Knowledge Review previous materials Chart (Huitt 2003)

7. Teaching new materials Highlight important information Help/Teach organization skills – helping to relate new information to prior knowledge Teach in “chunks” of material Information-Processing: In the Classroom Chart (Huitt 2003)

8. Have them “use” the information – show learning Comparing and Contrasting Displaying information/data Mnemonic clues Information-Processing: In the Classroom Chart (Huitt 2003)

9. Reinforce basic skills and knowledge Drills Repetition of lesson main points Memory games Information-Processing: In the Classroom Chart (Huitt 2003)

10. Resources Ali-Hassan, H. (2008). Information processing theory. Retrieved from http://www.fsc.yorku.ca/york/istheory/wiki/index.php/Information_p rocessing_theory. Cooper, S. (2009). Theories in Learning in Educational Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/learningmap.html. Gale Research. (1998). Information processing theory. Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. FindArticles.com. 24 Oct, 2010. Huitt, W. (2003). The information processing approach to cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from, http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/infoproc.html Kearsley, G. (2010). The theory into practice database. Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org. Santrock, J.W., (2008). Essentials of life-span development (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill