1. Literary Analysis
The Hunger Games

2. Your assignment Identify two themes in The Hunger Games.
Write an essay in which you prove that those are themes in the novel.
Organize it with an introduction, body and conclusion.

3. Parts of the Introduction
Attention grabber
Background of novel
Thesis
YOU MUST ALWAYS include the author and title of the work in the first paragraph when talking about literature.

4. Attention Grabber
Quote: “The first dandelion of the year…and I knew how we were going to survive,” (32) thinks Katniss, a character in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games.
Definition: Hope is “to want something to happen or be true” (“hope”).
Question: Can hope really save a person from death?
Historical background: Dystopias are prevalent in literature, and The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, represents all of the aspects of a dystopia.
Write an attention grabber for your paper.

5. Background
You have a lot of free reign here. Transition from your attention getter to the thesis. Anything related to your thesis applies.
This is usually 2-3 sentences. Sometimes more.
“The first dandelion of the year…and I knew how we were going to survive,” (32) thinks Katniss, the protagonist in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games. The hope that this dandelion brings Katniss allows her to save her family from death. As the novel progresses, the reader sees Katniss’ dedication to her family.
Write some background sentences for your paper.

6. Thesis This tells the reader what your essay is going to be about.
Parts
What you are going to prove (Topic)
How you are going to prove it (Points)

7. Topic
The topic section addresses the initial question posed in the essay.
For example, if the question is “what themes can be found in The Hunger Games?”, your topic is “themes in The Hunger Games.

8. Points
The points are what you are using to prove your essay; these can range from 2-4 and should be listed in a parallel manner (same grammatical structure).
In the previously asked question, your points would be the actual themes.

9. Sample thesis
Two themes that can be found in The Hunger Games include hope saves people and family sacrifices for each other.
Write a thesis for your paper.

10. Sample Introduction
“The first dandelion of the year…and I knew how we were going to survive,” (32) thinks Katniss, the protagonist in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games. The hope that this dandelion brings Katniss allows her to save her family from death. As the novel progresses, the reader sees Katniss’ dedication to her family. Two themes that can be found in The Hunger Games include hope saves people and family sacrifices for each other.
Put your three parts together to write an introduction.

11. IMPORTANT!!!!
I should never see any of these words in your essay, especially not in your thesis:
In this essay, you will read…
I will prove…
I think…
The next paragraphs…
I believe…
You (any form, ever)

12. Literary Present
First, when writing about literature, you should always use the literary present. This just means to write in present tense, never past tense.

13. Body Paragraphs
Essentially, these are consist of a claim, cite and clarify.
1. You start by stating which theme is evident in the book.
2. Claim the scene that proves that theme.
3. Use your quote to cite.
4. Clarify. This is the most important part. This should be at least two to three sentences that explain why your scene is important.
5. Make sure to relate that quote to the theme.
Complete items 1 and 2.

14. Using Quotes in an Essay
Step 1
Introduce your quote. Quotes can never stand alone!
You can incorporate the words into your essay
Poe writes “nodding, nearly napping.”
Write a sentence as normal, add a colon, and then use the quote
Poe uses alliteration often: “nodded, nearly napping.”
Choose a quote from your theme list. Introduce it and incorporate it into a sentence.

15. Using Quotes in an Essay
Step 2
Cite your quote
If using just one work (like The Hunger Games) The page number and/or line number will work. If using more than one work, usually the author’s last name and page/line number will be used.
Notice the order of a citation “_______” ( ).
Example if only one work is used: One line states “nodded, nearly napping” (1).
Example if two separate works are used: One line states “nodded, nearly napping” (Poe 1).

16. Using Quotes in an Essay
Step 3
Explain your quote (clarify)
While it is great you have found a quote that relates to what you are proving, it has no significance unless you can actually state why it is important or how it relates to what you are trying to prove.
Example: One line states “nodded, nearly napping” (1). The reader understands that the narrator was asleep and is awakened by the sound he hears outside the window.
Explain the quote you have chosen. Then link that quote to the theme you have chosen.

17. Using Quotes in an Essay
Things to remember
You should never use two quotes in a row. Each quote must be explained.
Be sure to clearly relate what is seen in the quote to what you are trying to prove!
Avoid using the same words from the original quote as you explain; the goal is NOT to put the quote in your own words. It is to answer the question, “why is your quote important?”
Double check to make sure the claim, cite, clarify you have generated does not have any of these pitfalls.

18. Sample body paragraph
Hope does save people, as proven by The Hunger Games. In chapter 18 when Claudius Templesmith announces the rule change, Katniss now has hope that she and Peeta can make it home: “So, who is there left to be afraid of?” (248). Before the games, Katniss needs to win, but she is not sure she can. As the rule change is announced, she goes through the remaining tributes in her mind and realizes that she can really win with Peeta, and they can both go home. This renewed hope jolts her out of her depression and anger after Rue’s death, and forces her to make a plan and execute it. That hope is the spark that makes her realize that they can be as lethal as any of the other tributes. They can survive.

19. Transitions
Each body paragraph after the first one should start with a transition word or sentence.
Transitions link one paragraph to the next.
Example, if my first body paragraph is about hope, and my second body paragraph is about sacrifice for family, I might use the following sentence:
Although hope makes Katniss and her family survive, she is willing to give up all hope of survival so that her family will not suffer. OR
Next, The Hunger Games shows that sacrifice for family is important.

20. Your Turn Now work your claim, cite, clarify into an entire paragraph
Introduce the theme
Use your claim, cite, clarify
Drive home how it backs up your theme a little more if necessary
Turn a second claim, cite, clarify into a paragraph. Repeat the same steps we just discussed. Use a transition sentence for this second paragraph.

21. Conclusion This is the easiest paragraph to write.
1st sentence: flipped thesis
2nd sentence: a reference back to your first point
3rd sentence: a reference back to your second point
4th sentence: a link back to your attention getter
The middle sentences can be combined, but focus on quality!!!

22. Sample Conclusion
Hope and sacrifice for family resonate throughout The Hunger Games. Katniss is ready to give up multiple times throughout the novel, and continues to receive hope from nature, people and circumstances that keep her going. She is also willing to give everything up so that her family can survive. That first dandelion of the year gives Katniss hope and allows her to sacrifice her childhood so that her family can eat. That weed is her ticket to life.
Write your own conclusion

23. Things to remember No “YOU” at all in an essay
No “I” unless the example is from your life (not in a literary analysis)
Use present tense verbs
Make sure transitional phrases are different. For example, don’t start the paragraphs with First, Second, Last, etc.
Don’t repeat yourself
Grammar is important! Please check this.

24. Rubric Introduction – 15 points Overall organization – 10 points
Paragraph-level Writing: W a
Does it contain 4-5 sentences beginning with a clear attention getter and ending with a solid thesis
Does it include the title and author
Overall organization – 10 points
Whole document Writing: W a
Does it contain 2 body paragraphs following the same order presented in the thesis
Develop Topic – 25 points
Paragraph level Writing; W b
Contains clear claims for each point that match the thesis
Supporting facts and details – 25 points
Sentence level Writing: b
Contains at least three pieces of evidence from text and addresses the situation in which the evidence exists
Conclusion – 10 points
Paragraph level Writing : W f
Clearly begins with a flipped thesis, references back to specifics for both points, and refers back to the attention getter
Grammar/Mechanics – 15 points
Whole document
Contains only 1-2 errors that do not distract from the reading; does not include any of the following: fragments, run-ons, subject-verb agreement errors, comma splices