1. Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3 – Part 3
Tissues

2. Body Tissues
Tissues
Groups of cells with similar structure and function
4 primary types:
Epithelium
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

3. Epithelial Tissues Found in different areas: Functions: Body Coverings
Body Linings
Glandular Tissue
Functions:
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion

4. Epithelial Tissues Epithelium Characteristics:
Cells fit closely together
Have no blood supply of their own

5. Classification of Epithelium
Number of Cell Layers:
Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one layer
Shape of Cells:
Squamous = flattened
Cuboidal = cube shaped
Columnar = column like

6. Classification of Epithelium

7. Connective Tissue Includes the most abundant tissues Functions:
Binds body tissues together
Supports the body
Provides protection

8. Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix:
Non-living material that surrounds living cells
Two main elements:
Ground substance = mostly water along with proteins and polysaccharides
Fibers

9. Muscle Tissue Function is to produce movement Three types:
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle

10. Nervous Tissue Comprised of neurons and nerve support cells
Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

11. Tissue Repair Regeneration Fibrosis
Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
Fibrosis
Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

12. Events in Tissue Repair
Capillaries become very permeable
Regeneration of surface epithelium

13. Regeneration of Tissues
Tissues that regenerate easily:
Epithelial
Fibrous Connective
Bone
Tissues that regenerate poorly:
Skeletal Muscle
Tissues that are replace largely with scar tissue:
Cardiac Muscle
Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

14. Developmental Aspects of Tissues
With old age there is a decrease in mass and viability in most tissues.

15. Developmental Aspects of Tissues
Some cells lose their ability to divide when they are fully mature.
This is called AMITOTIC
For example: heart muscle and nervous tissue
However, if these tissues are injured, the lost cells cannot be replaced by the same type of cells but by scar tissue.
If a cell multiplies wildly, the abnormal cell mass is known as NEOPLASM.
May be benign or malignant (cancerous)

16. Simple Epithelium Simple Squamous Single layer of flat cells
Lines body cavities
Lines lungs and capillaries

17. Simple Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells
Covers the ovaries

18. Simple Epithelium Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells
Includes GOBLET CELLS – produce mucus for secretion
Lines the digestive tract

19. Simple Epithelium Pseudostratified
Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
Found in the respiratory tract – has cilia
Functions in absorption and secretion

20. Stratified Epithelium
Stratified Squamous
Several layers of flat cells
Locations:
Skin
Mouth
Esophagus

21. Stratified Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
Lines organs of the urinary system to help stretch the bladder

22. Glandular Epithelium
Gland = one or more cells that secretes a particular product
Two major gland types:
Endocrine Glands
Ductless
Secretions hormones directly into the blood
Exocrine Glands
Have ducts
Include sweat and oil glands

23. Connective Tissue Types
Dense Connective
Made up of collagen fibers
Examples: tendons and ligaments

24. Connective Tissue Types
Adipose
Made of areolar tissue with fat globules
Functions:
Insulates the body
Protects organs
Serves as a site of fuel storage

25. Connective Tissue Types
Areolar
Most widely distributed connective tissue
Soft tissue
Contains all fiber types

26. Connective Tissue Types
Hyaline Cartilage
Most common cartilage
Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

27. Connective Tissue Types
Elastic Cartilage
Made of elastic fibers
Provides elasticity
Example: supports the external ear

28. Connective Tissue Types
Fibrocartilage
Highly compressible
Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

29. Connective Tissue Types
Bone
Composed of a hard matrix of calcium salts
Used to protect and support the body

30. Connective Tissue Types
Blood
Blood cells are surrounded by fluid matrix
Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

31. Connective Tissue Types
Reticular
Delicate network of interwoven fibers
Forms internal support for the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

32. Muscle Tissue Types Skeletal Muscle Can be controlled voluntarily
Cells are striated
Cells have more than one nucleus
Attached to the bones
Function: Movement

33. Muscle Tissue Types Smooth Muscle Involuntary muscle
Surrounds hollow organs
No visible striations
One nucleus per cell
Function: movement

34. Muscle Tissue Types Cardiac Muscle Found ONLY in the HEART
Cells are striated
One nucleus per cell
Function: pump blood