1. Space Science Breakout Group 1. Modeling nonequilibium phenomena / multiscale / phase transitions Problem statement : Most systems in nature are far from equilibrium, whereas most theories are for equilibrium systems. Modeling geophysical / space systems is essential. What cant we do : Complete theory can not be developed in the near future as the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is still developing. Aproaches: Models based on data, information theoretic approach (data and theory) Kinds of collaborations: Mathematics /Theoretical physics (e.g., renormalization group, statistical physics, ), simulations, signal processing, information theory,..

2. 2. Modeling with space - time data (non-compatible resolutions, sparse data) Problem statement: Federation of data (Modeling with data from different sources with different resolutions) and modeling time evolution. Approaches: Pixel integration, dimension reduction, source identification method, censoring and truncation, hetroscedastic measurement errors, Collaborations: Statistics, parallel / grid computing,

3. 3. Large scale simulations and data assimilation Problem statement: Simulations using models (pdes) and lattices, multiscale computing, 2-way nesting, What we cant do: Particle simulations with realistic parameters Approaches: Pixel integration, dimension reduction, source identification method, censoring and truncation, hetroscedastic measurement errors, Collaborations: computational science, data assimilation, numerical weather forecasting,