2. Evolution – Change over time

3. Charles Darwin Proposed how evolution works Collected a lot of evidence to support his ideas

4. Darwin’s Voyage 1831 - at age 22 – Charles Darwin took a 5 year round-the- world voyage The ship he traveled on was called the The reason for traveling was to He noticed there were variations between species so he decided to collect and examine the species that inhabited the regions the ship visited He collected H.M.S. Beagle fossils, coral, plants, animals chart South American coastline

5. Voyage of the HMS Beagle Stopped in 500 miles off coast of Ecuador Galapagos Islands

6. Many of Darwin’s observations made him wonder… Why? Darwin asked: Why were these creatures found only on the Galapagos Islands? Darwin found…many unique species

7. Darwin’s Finches On the island Darwin discovered He noticed these finches differed in several ways Darwin wondered why there were so many Variation - 13 species of finches Beak size Beak shape Food eaten variations slight differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population

8. The finches cinched it! Darwin found that these variations between the finches were associated with the food they ate.

9. Theory of Natural Selection Charles Darwin Natural Selection – The process by which individuals with variations that help them survive in their environment will live longer, compete better and reproduce more than those individuals without variations.

10. Darwin Proposed Two Theories 1. The living organisms we see today are all related by descent (common ancestry) 2. The means by which evolution occurs is a process of 'natural selection.' organisms differ from one another i.e., there is variation these differences are inherited i.e. passed from generation to generation more organisms are born then they survive and reproduce therefore, any variation that makes one offspring more successful than another will have a greater chance of being passed to the next generation ("survival of the fittest")

11. NATURAL SELECTION Selection Artificial Natural Survival of the fittest

13. What caused the sunflowers to survive? Adaptation – Types of adaptations - An inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment Structural Adaptations – involves physical characteristics Functional Adaptations – internal systems adapt Behavioral Adaptations – changes the way an organism acts or behaves

14. What would have happened if the sunflowers did not adapt? They would go EXTINCT! Extinction – Reason for a species to become extinct: They cannot adapt Examples: When the last individual in a species dies. Not able to reproduce Unable to keep up with environment changes No variation among species

15. Natural Selection- Put Another way Individuals vary in some inherited traits Some forms of inherited traits are more adaptive A trait that gives the individual an advantage in survival or reproduction Natural selection is the difference in survival and reproduction among individuals that vary in their traits Adaptive forms of traits become more common than other forms

16. THE EVOLUTIONARY VIEW Life’s diversity is the sum total of variations in traits that have accumulated in different lines of descent generation after generation, as by natural selection or other processes of change