1. Depression and Social Distress in Pakistan By, Bridget Espinola

2. ("Shops and vehicles," 2011) ("Terrorist attack," ) ("Pakistan earthquake," ) ("A man walks," 2010) (Ahmed, 2008) (Penn)

3. Life in Pakistan On October 8 th, 2005, a 7.6 earthquake hit Pakistan at about 9am. At least 86,000 people were killed, and 69,000 were injured. Whole villages were destroyed, and 32,335 buildings collapsed in Anantnag, Baramula, Jammu, Srinagar, and Kashmir. (U.S. Geology Survey, 2007) On October 8 th, 2005, a 7.6 earthquake hit Pakistan at about 9am. At least 86,000 people were killed, and 69,000 were injured. Whole villages were destroyed, and 32,335 buildings collapsed in Anantnag, Baramula, Jammu, Srinagar, and Kashmir. (U.S. Geology Survey, 2007) CNN - Pakistan quake toll at 18,000 CNN - Pakistan quake toll at 18,000 CNN - Pakistan quake toll at 18,000 CNN - Pakistan quake toll at 18,000

4. Life in Pakistan In the summer of 2010, the worst floods in the history of Pakistan began to take its toll on what would be 18 million people affected by the disaster. Nearly a year later, the flood camps and distraught families are still far from recovery. (BBC, January 28, 2011) In the summer of 2010, the worst floods in the history of Pakistan began to take its toll on what would be 18 million people affected by the disaster. Nearly a year later, the flood camps and distraught families are still far from recovery. (BBC, January 28, 2011) BBC News - Pakistan life after floods BBC News - Pakistan life after floods BBC News - Pakistan life after floods BBC News - Pakistan life after floods Washington Post - Pakistan floods Washington Post - Pakistan floods Washington Post - Pakistan floods Washington Post - Pakistan floods

5. Life in Pakistan From 2007 onwards, civilian fatalities from terrorism in Pakistan more than doubled, as well as the number of attacks. The peak number of fatalities occurred in 2009, with 2,307 civilian deaths. (South Asia Terrorism Portal, 2011) From 2007 onwards, civilian fatalities from terrorism in Pakistan more than doubled, as well as the number of attacks. The peak number of fatalities occurred in 2009, with 2,307 civilian deaths. (South Asia Terrorism Portal, 2011) BBC News - Fighting in Karachi, Pakistan BBC News - Fighting in Karachi, Pakistan BBC News - Fighting in Karachi, Pakistan BBC News - Fighting in Karachi, Pakistan BBC News - Muslims killed in Pakistan BBC News - Muslims killed in Pakistan BBC News - Muslims killed in Pakistan BBC News - Muslims killed in Pakistan NY Times - Terrorism rising in Pakistan NY Times - Terrorism rising in Pakistan NY Times - Terrorism rising in Pakistan NY Times - Terrorism rising in Pakistan

6. (Tanveer) ("Poverty pangs," ) ("This year's anti-poverty," ) (RAWA) ("Pakistan on the," 2010) ("An afghan refugee," )

7. In Pakistan… 54.2% of the population is literate 54.2% of the population is literate 23% of the population is undernourished 23% of the population is undernourished 22.59% of the population is in poverty 22.59% of the population is in poverty The life expectancy at birth is 67.2 years The life expectancy at birth is 67.2 years 320 of 100,000 women die giving birth 320 of 100,000 women die giving birth 89 of 1,000 children under age 5 die 89 of 1,000 children under age 5 die 6.8 of 100,000 people are murdered 6.8 of 100,000 people are murdered (Human Development Reports, n.d.)

8. Pakistan ranks… #143 of 178 in government corruption #143 of 178 in government corruption #138 of 224 in deaths #138 of 224 in deaths #166 of 222 in life expectancy #166 of 222 in life expectancy #35 of 153 in death by HIV/AIDS #35 of 153 in death by HIV/AIDS (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009)

9. (AFP, 2010) ("Stockholm," ) ("Wedding of princess," 2010) (Freedia, 2010) ("But who in," ) (H&M) ("Stormen gudrun, sweden," 2005)

10. Life in Sweden On January 8, 2005, hurricane Gudrun swept across southern Sweden, claiming nine lives and much forest damage. (Haanpää, Lehtonen, Peltonen, & Talockaite, n.d.) On January 8, 2005, hurricane Gudrun swept across southern Sweden, claiming nine lives and much forest damage. (Haanpää, Lehtonen, Peltonen, & Talockaite, n.d.) Hurricane Gudrun Report Hurricane Gudrun Report Hurricane Gudrun Report Hurricane Gudrun Report

11. Life in Sweden On June 19, 2010, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer, Daniel Westling, in Sweden. A ceremony that was beheld across Europe, if not the world. It was Sweden’s first royal marriage since 1976. (BBC, June 19, 2010) On June 19, 2010, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer, Daniel Westling, in Sweden. A ceremony that was beheld across Europe, if not the world. It was Sweden’s first royal marriage since 1976. (BBC, June 19, 2010) BBC News - Pictures of Princess Victoria's wedding BBC News - Pictures of Princess Victoria's wedding BBC News - Pictures of Princess Victoria's wedding BBC News - Pictures of Princess Victoria's wedding

12. Life in Sweden Since winning first prize in a fashion festival in 2007, Sandra Buckland has been influencing Swedish clothing. Other designers, such as Rickard Lindqvist and the three sisters behind the brand Minimarket, are also making a splash as well. (Randecker & Lagerberg, 2011) Since winning first prize in a fashion festival in 2007, Sandra Buckland has been influencing Swedish clothing. Other designers, such as Rickard Lindqvist and the three sisters behind the brand Minimarket, are also making a splash as well. (Randecker & Lagerberg, 2011) The Local - Swedish fashion The Local - Swedish fashion The Local - Swedish fashion The Local - Swedish fashion

13. ("Royal canal tour," ) ("Swedish girls," ) ("Xmas spirit in," ) ("Stockholm scenery," ) ("Tourism," ) ("Gothia towers hotel," )

14. In Sweden… 99% of the population is literate 99% of the population is literate <5% of the population is undernourished <5% of the population is undernourished There is no available statistic for poverty There is no available statistic for poverty The life expectancy at birth is 81.3 years The life expectancy at birth is 81.3 years 3 of 100,000 women die giving birth 3 of 100,000 women die giving birth 3 of 1,000 children under age 5 die 3 of 1,000 children under age 5 die 0.9 of 100,000 people are murdered 0.9 of 100,000 people are murdered (Human Development Reports, n.d.)

15. Sweden Ranks… #4 of 178 in government corruption #4 of 178 in government corruption #50 of 224 in deaths #50 of 224 in deaths #16 of 222 in life expectancy #16 of 222 in life expectancy #115 of 153 in death by HIV/AIDS #115 of 153 in death by HIV/AIDS (CIA, 2009)

16. ("Swedish flag," )

17. Happiness and Lifestyle in Sweden In a 2008 study focusing on the correlation of low rates of hypertension and happiness, 93% of Swedes interviewed for the study chose to report that they were satisfied with their lives. In a 2008 study focusing on the correlation of low rates of hypertension and happiness, 93% of Swedes interviewed for the study chose to report that they were satisfied with their lives. Sweden incidentally, reported some of the lowest occurrences of hypertension amongst its happy individuals. Sweden incidentally, reported some of the lowest occurrences of hypertension amongst its happy individuals. (Blanchflower & Oswald, 2008)

18. Happiness and Lifestyle in Sweden Sweden is well-known for its lifestyle. The country ranks #4 of 155 in happiness, with 68% of its population considered to be thriving, 30% to be struggling, and only 2% to be suffering. (Levy, 2010) Sweden is well-known for its lifestyle. The country ranks #4 of 155 in happiness, with 68% of its population considered to be thriving, 30% to be struggling, and only 2% to be suffering. (Levy, 2010) Sweden has a reputation for its health- conscious society, as such, most health costs are paid for by employers or taxes. Sweden has a reputation for its health- conscious society, as such, most health costs are paid for by employers or taxes.

19. Happiness and Lifestyle in Sweden Sweden takes care of its people: Sweden takes care of its people: –All workers are entitled to 5 weeks of paid vacation per year –They are also entitled to 480 days of maternity and paternity leave after the birth of a child, and 120 days annually thereafter to take care of their children when sick –Education is free from age 6 through university (The Official Gateway to Sweden, n.d.)

20. ("Pakistan flag," )

21. Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan A 2000 study on the prevalence of stress in Pakistan suggests that over 40% of the country is depressed, with around 25% of males and 57% of females being affected. A 2000 study on the prevalence of stress in Pakistan suggests that over 40% of the country is depressed, with around 25% of males and 57% of females being affected. The study also suggests that the rate of depression in Pakistan is higher than other developing countries due to the high levels of social adversity across the population. The study also suggests that the rate of depression in Pakistan is higher than other developing countries due to the high levels of social adversity across the population. (Hussain, Creed, & Tomenson, 2000)

22. Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan Some believe that depression is less likely to occur in more rural areas of Pakistan, but a 2009 study suggests otherwise. In this study, 43.1% of 260 people interviewed were concluded to suffer from anxiety and depression. The study took place in a rural village in Sindh, Pakistan. (Luni, Ansari, Jawad, Dawson, & Baig, 2009) Some believe that depression is less likely to occur in more rural areas of Pakistan, but a 2009 study suggests otherwise. In this study, 43.1% of 260 people interviewed were concluded to suffer from anxiety and depression. The study took place in a rural village in Sindh, Pakistan. (Luni, Ansari, Jawad, Dawson, & Baig, 2009)

23. Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan A third study published in 2007 also found a regional variance in depression: A third study published in 2007 also found a regional variance in depression: –35.7% of the population is depressed in Karachi, Pakistan –43.9% of the population is depressed in Quetta, Pakistan –53.4% of the population is depression in Lahore, Pakistan (Gadit & Mugford, 2007)

24. Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan Pakistan ranks #58 of 155 in happiness, with 73% of its population considered struggling or suffering. (Levy, 2010) Pakistan ranks #58 of 155 in happiness, with 73% of its population considered struggling or suffering. (Levy, 2010) Depression in Pakistan is believed to be closely tied to social unrest and financial complications in one’s life. Depression in Pakistan is believed to be closely tied to social unrest and financial complications in one’s life. Of the 128,073 physicians in Pakistan, only 250 are trained as psychiatrists. (Gadit & Mugford, 2007) Of the 128,073 physicians in Pakistan, only 250 are trained as psychiatrists. (Gadit & Mugford, 2007)

25. NY Times – Class Dismissed

26. Mercy Corps – Providing water to flood victims

27. Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan The aforementioned studies have speculated that social unrest, lack of education, and lifestyle difficulties are leading contributors to the distress that Pakistanis experience. The aforementioned studies have speculated that social unrest, lack of education, and lifestyle difficulties are leading contributors to the distress that Pakistanis experience. The links established to education and lifestyle are especially evident in the videos depicting hardships amongst Pakistani people. The links established to education and lifestyle are especially evident in the videos depicting hardships amongst Pakistani people.

28. The Differences What has been presented is the picture of a developing country that greatly suffers in its struggle towards progress. In a country where nearly half the population suffers from depression, social distress and chaos is present. This is even more obvious when put beside the profile of a developed country, like Sweden. What has been presented is the picture of a developing country that greatly suffers in its struggle towards progress. In a country where nearly half the population suffers from depression, social distress and chaos is present. This is even more obvious when put beside the profile of a developed country, like Sweden.

29. The Differences As you have gathered, Pakistan is a developing country that suffers from widespread poverty, social conflict, and poor recovery from natural disasters. As you have gathered, Pakistan is a developing country that suffers from widespread poverty, social conflict, and poor recovery from natural disasters. Sweden is considered a developed country, with democratic ideals and little poverty, social conflict, and easy recovery from natural disasters. Sweden is considered a developed country, with democratic ideals and little poverty, social conflict, and easy recovery from natural disasters.

30. The Differences The drastic contrast between a developed nation and one that is the victim of severe discord is striking, but also provides insight into the causes of the latter’s misfortune. Insight which may prove to be very useful in finding a solution to the Pakistani people’s distress. The drastic contrast between a developed nation and one that is the victim of severe discord is striking, but also provides insight into the causes of the latter’s misfortune. Insight which may prove to be very useful in finding a solution to the Pakistani people’s distress.

31. Possible Solutions It is not hard to see that the major driving force behind Pakistan’s troubles is terrorism. Government policy can do nothing against a population’s fear for safety in their own country. It is not hard to see that the major driving force behind Pakistan’s troubles is terrorism. Government policy can do nothing against a population’s fear for safety in their own country. Eliminate terrorism, and the government will not have to compete for the reigns of its own country. Eliminate terrorism, and the government will not have to compete for the reigns of its own country.

32. Possible Solutions If terrorism is ever to be eliminated in Pakistan, then the government can, hopefully, start moving towards progress in aiding its impoverished population. If terrorism is ever to be eliminated in Pakistan, then the government can, hopefully, start moving towards progress in aiding its impoverished population. Pakistan already receives a great deal of humanitarian aid – considered the 14 th largest recipient of aid in 2008. (Global Humanitarian Assistance, 2010) Pakistan already receives a great deal of humanitarian aid – considered the 14 th largest recipient of aid in 2008. (Global Humanitarian Assistance, 2010) In 2008, Pakistan received $1.5billion aid. (GHA, 2010) In 2008, Pakistan received $1.5billion aid. (GHA, 2010)

33. Possible Solutions 36.6% of total aid is put towards economic infrastructure and services 36.6% of total aid is put towards economic infrastructure and services 7.7% is put towards government and civil society 7.7% is put towards government and civil society 3.7% is put towards other social infrastructure and services 3.7% is put towards other social infrastructure and services 3% is put towards water and sanitation 3% is put towards water and sanitation 6.4% is put towards health 6.4% is put towards health 10.1% is put towards population and reproductive health 10.1% is put towards population and reproductive health 8.5% is put towards education 8.5% is put towards education (GHA, 2010)

34. Possible Solutions Perhaps if the government and population ever recovers from the damages of terrorism, aid can be focused on eliminating poverty and health concerns across Pakistan. Then, the population can experience real progress towards peace of mind and higher living standards. And depression can become manageable, and lower in occurrence. Perhaps if the government and population ever recovers from the damages of terrorism, aid can be focused on eliminating poverty and health concerns across Pakistan. Then, the population can experience real progress towards peace of mind and higher living standards. And depression can become manageable, and lower in occurrence.

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44. Bibliography A man walks through the waterlogged street in northwest pakistan's peshawar on july 22, 2010.. (2010). [Web]. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2010- 07/22/13410476_31n.jpg A man walks through the waterlogged street in northwest pakistan's peshawar on july 22, 2010.. (2010). [Web]. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2010- 07/22/13410476_31n.jpg Ahmed, F. (Photographer). (2008). Paramilitary soldiers guard the streets in quetta, pakistan.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://static.guim.co.uk/sys- images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/03/22/pakistan10a.jpg Ahmed, F. (Photographer). (2008). Paramilitary soldiers guard the streets in quetta, pakistan.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://static.guim.co.uk/sys- images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/03/22/pakistan10a.jpg Penn, C. (Photographer). Diseases thrive in streets where there is no decent sewerage or rubbish disposal.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.wateraid.org/images/cm_images/Pk_street_web.jpg Penn, C. (Photographer). Diseases thrive in streets where there is no decent sewerage or rubbish disposal.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.wateraid.org/images/cm_images/Pk_street_web.jpg Tanveer, K. (Photographer). Pakistani poor people struggle to get free food at a local shrine in multan, pakistan on thursday, oct 16, 2008.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.thestatesmen.net/wp- content/uploads/Pakistan-poverty.jpg Tanveer, K. (Photographer). Pakistani poor people struggle to get free food at a local shrine in multan, pakistan on thursday, oct 16, 2008.. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.thestatesmen.net/wp- content/uploads/Pakistan-poverty.jpg

45. Bibliography Poverty pangs. [Web]. Retrieved from http://southasia.oneworld.net/ImageCatalog/pak- children.jpg Poverty pangs. [Web]. Retrieved from http://southasia.oneworld.net/ImageCatalog/pak- children.jpg This year's anti-poverty day falls in the middle of a global financial crisis. [Web]. Retrieved from http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45116000/jpg/ _45116652_-4.jpg This year's anti-poverty day falls in the middle of a global financial crisis. [Web]. Retrieved from http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45116000/jpg/ _45116652_-4.jpg RAWA. (Photographer). Retrieved from http://betterworld4all.org/images/kabul_sep07_34.jpg RAWA. (Photographer). Retrieved from http://betterworld4all.org/images/kabul_sep07_34.jpg Pakistan on the streets. (2010). [Web]. Retrieved from http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/pakistan- daily-life-2010-1-7-9-11-22.jpg Pakistan on the streets. (2010). [Web]. Retrieved from http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/pakistan- daily-life-2010-1-7-9-11-22.jpg

46. Bibliography An afghan refugee boy, right, pauses while a girl, left, fetches water at a hand pump for a boy to clean his feet in an alley. [Web]. Retrieved from http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/pakistan- poverty-day-2010-10-17-9-10-49.jpg An afghan refugee boy, right, pauses while a girl, left, fetches water at a hand pump for a boy to clean his feet in an alley. [Web]. Retrieved from http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/pakistan- poverty-day-2010-10-17-9-10-49.jpg Xmas spirit in gothenburg. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/images/attachement/j pg/site1/20081223/00221917eae80aba9c173e.jpg Xmas spirit in gothenburg. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/images/attachement/j pg/site1/20081223/00221917eae80aba9c173e.jpg Stockholm scenery. [Web]. Retrieved from http://sc.bitscn.com/CD1/Scenery/06/DOT_Scenery_06_ Stockholm_Sweden_2.jpg Stockholm scenery. [Web]. Retrieved from http://sc.bitscn.com/CD1/Scenery/06/DOT_Scenery_06_ Stockholm_Sweden_2.jpg Tourism. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.amazingonly.com/Photos/Tour/Sweden_Plac es_09.jpg Tourism. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.amazingonly.com/Photos/Tour/Sweden_Plac es_09.jpg

47. Bibliography Gothia towers hotel. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.hotel-board.com/picture/gothia-towers- hotel-67352.jpg Gothia towers hotel. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.hotel-board.com/picture/gothia-towers- hotel-67352.jpg Swedish flag. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.sweden.se/upload/Sweden_se/english/articl es/SI/2006%20uppdaterad/Swedish%20national%20day /swedish_flag_sweden.jpg Swedish flag. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.sweden.se/upload/Sweden_se/english/articl es/SI/2006%20uppdaterad/Swedish%20national%20day /swedish_flag_sweden.jpg Pakistan flag. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.aanchal.com.pk/pakistan- flag/eSearchBook.1228897740.PakistanFlag.jpg Pakistan flag. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.aanchal.com.pk/pakistan- flag/eSearchBook.1228897740.PakistanFlag.jpg NY Times. (Producer). (2009). Class dismissed. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZG5IdnJn4I NY Times. (Producer). (2009). Class dismissed. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZG5IdnJn4I

48. Bibliography Mercy Corps. (Producerr). (2011). Pakistan floods - six months on: water & sanitation in sindh with mercy corps. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C87ck e8Jgho Mercy Corps. (Producerr). (2011). Pakistan floods - six months on: water & sanitation in sindh with mercy corps. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C87ck e8Jgho